The concept of the "Wealth of Nations" is not directly addressed in the Bible as a singular topic, but the Scriptures provide extensive guidance on wealth, prosperity, and the responsibilities of nations and individuals in managing resources. The Bible offers principles that can be applied to understand the moral and ethical dimensions of wealth on a national scale.

Biblical Principles of Wealth

1. Divine Ownership and Stewardship: The Bible emphasizes that all wealth ultimately belongs to God, and humans are stewards of His creation. Psalm 24:1 states, "The earth is the LORD’s, and the fullness thereof, the world and all who dwell therein." This principle implies that nations, like individuals, are accountable to God for how they manage resources.

2. Righteousness and Justice: The prosperity of a nation is often linked to its adherence to righteousness and justice. Proverbs 14:34 declares, "Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a disgrace to any people." Nations are called to uphold justice and care for the marginalized, ensuring that wealth is not accumulated through exploitation or corruption.

3. Generosity and Provision for the Poor: The Bible consistently calls for generosity and care for the poor. Deuteronomy 15:11 instructs, "For there will never cease to be poor in the land. Therefore I command you to open wide your hand to your brother, to the needy and to the poor in your land." Nations are encouraged to create systems that provide for the less fortunate, reflecting God's compassion and justice.

4. Warnings Against Greed and Idolatry: Scripture warns against the dangers of greed and the idolization of wealth. 1 Timothy 6:10 cautions, "For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil." Nations must guard against policies and practices that prioritize wealth accumulation over moral and spiritual values.

5. Economic Justice and Fair Trade: The Bible advocates for fair treatment in economic transactions. Leviticus 19:35-36 commands, "You must not use dishonest measures of length, weight, or volume. You shall maintain just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin." Nations are called to ensure fairness in trade and commerce, promoting integrity and trust.

6. Sabbath and Rest for the Land: The concept of Sabbath rest extends to the land, emphasizing sustainable practices. Leviticus 25:4 instructs, "But in the seventh year there shall be a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land, a Sabbath to the LORD." This principle encourages nations to consider environmental stewardship and sustainable resource management.

Historical and Prophetic Context

Throughout the Bible, the wealth of nations is often depicted in prophetic literature, where the rise and fall of empires are attributed to their moral and spiritual standing. The prophets frequently warned nations about the consequences of pride, injustice, and idolatry, as seen in the judgments pronounced against Babylon, Tyre, and Egypt (Isaiah 13-23, Ezekiel 26-32).

Eschatological Vision

In the eschatological vision of the Bible, the wealth of nations is ultimately brought into the service of God's kingdom. Revelation 21:24-26 describes the New Jerusalem, where "the nations will walk by its light, and the kings of the earth will bring their splendor into it." This imagery suggests a future where the wealth of nations is redeemed and used for the glory of God and the benefit of all creation.

The biblical perspective on the wealth of nations challenges contemporary societies to align their economic practices with divine principles, ensuring that wealth serves the common good and reflects God's justice and mercy.