Habakkuk 2:4
Behold the proud, his soul is not upright in him; but the just shall live by his faith. This Old Testament reference reinforces the principle of living by faith.

1 Corinthians 1:18
For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God. This verse echoes the power of the Gospel mentioned in Romans 1:16.

Psalm 14:1
The fool says in his heart, 'There is no God.' They are corrupt; their acts are vile. There is no one who does good. This Psalm parallels the description of humanity's rejection of God in Romans 1.The Power of the Gospel
Romans 1:16 states, I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, first to the Jew, then to the Greek. The Gospel is the divine power that brings salvation to all who believe, transcending cultural and ethnic boundaries.

Revelation of God's Righteousness
Romans 1:17 reveals, For the gospel reveals the righteousness of God that comes by faith from start to finish, just as it is written: 'The righteous will live by faith.' This verse emphasizes that righteousness is a gift from God, received through faith, not by works.

Humanity's Rejection of God
Romans 1:21-23 describes humanity's willful ignorance and idolatry: For although they knew God, they neither glorified Him as God nor gave thanks to Him, but they became futile in their thinking and darkened in their foolish hearts. This passage highlights the consequences of turning away from God.

God's Righteous Judgment
Romans 1:24-32 outlines the consequences of rejecting God, as He gave them over to the desires of their hearts (v. 24). This section underscores the reality of God's judgment on sin and the moral decline that follows when people reject His truth.Embrace the Gospel Boldly
Like Paul, we should not be ashamed of the Gospel. Share your faith with confidence, knowing it is the power of God for salvation.

Live by Faith
Trust in God's righteousness and live by faith, understanding that our standing before God is based on faith, not our own efforts.

Guard Against Idolatry
Examine your life for anything that may take the place of God in your heart. Prioritize worship and gratitude towards God.

Recognize the Consequences of Sin
Acknowledge the seriousness of sin and its impact on our lives and society. Seek God's forgiveness and strive to live according to His will.1. Paul
Description: The author of the letter, Paul identifies himself as "a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, and set apart for the gospel of God" (Romans 1:1). The Greek term for "servant" is "δοῦλος" (doulos), indicating a bondservant or slave, emphasizing his complete devotion to Christ.

2. Jesus Christ
Description: Referred to as "His Son," Jesus is central to the gospel message Paul preaches. Paul describes Jesus as "descended from David according to the flesh" and "declared with power to be the Son of God by His resurrection from the dead" (Romans 1:3-4). The Greek term "Χριστός" (Christos) means "Anointed One" or "Messiah."

3. The Romans (Believers in Rome)
Description: The recipients of the letter, they are described as "loved by God and called to be saints" (Romans 1:7). The Greek word for "saints" is "ἅγιοι" (hagioi), meaning "holy ones" or "set apart ones."

4. The Greeks and Barbarians
Description: Paul mentions these groups in the context of his obligation to preach the gospel to all people, stating, "I am obligated both to Greeks and non-Greeks, both to the wise and the foolish" (Romans 1:14). The term "Barbarians" (Greek: "βάρβαροι," barbaroi) refers to non-Greek-speaking peoples.

5. The Wise and the Foolish
Description: These terms are used to describe different types of people to whom Paul is obligated to preach. "Wise" (Greek: "σοφοί," sophoi) and "foolish" (Greek: "ἀνόητοι," anoetoi) indicate a range of intellectual and cultural backgrounds.

6. The Righteous
Description: Paul speaks of "the righteous" in the context of living by faith, quoting Habakkuk 2:4: "The righteous will live by faith" (Romans 1:17). The Greek word for "righteous" is "δίκαιος" (dikaios), meaning just or upright.

7. God
Description: While not a human person, God is central to the chapter as the one who reveals His wrath against ungodliness and unrighteousness (Romans 1:18). The Greek term for God is "Θεός" (Theos).1. Rome
Paul addresses his letter to the believers in Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire. Rome was a significant center of political power and culture during Paul's time. In Romans 1:7, Paul writes, "To all in Rome who are loved by God and called to be saints: Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." The Greek term for Rome is "Ῥώμη" (Rhōmē), highlighting its prominence in the ancient world.

2. Greece
While not directly mentioned in Romans 1, Greece is relevant as Paul often traveled through Greek regions during his missionary journeys. The cultural and philosophical influences of Greece were significant in the Roman Empire, and Paul's writings often engage with Greek thought.

3. Israel/Jerusalem
Although not explicitly named in Romans 1, Israel, and specifically Jerusalem, is the backdrop of Paul's Jewish heritage and the early Christian movement. The Hebrew roots of the Christian faith are implicit in Paul's writings, as he often references the Law and the Prophets.1. Introduction and Greeting (Romans 1:1-7)
Paul introduces himself as a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, and set apart for the gospel of God. He emphasizes the gospel's promise through the prophets in the Holy Scriptures concerning God's Son, who was a descendant of David according to the flesh. Paul extends grace and peace to the believers in Rome.

2. Paul's Desire to Visit Rome (Romans 1:8-15)
Paul expresses his gratitude for the faith of the Roman believers, which is proclaimed throughout the world. He shares his longing to visit them to impart some spiritual gift and to be mutually encouraged by each other's faith. Paul mentions his obligation to preach the gospel to both Greeks and non-Greeks.

3. The Power of the Gospel (Romans 1:16-17)
Paul declares he is not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, first to the Jew, then to the Greek. He explains that the righteousness of God is revealed in the gospel from faith to faith, quoting Habakkuk 2:4, "The righteous will live by faith."

4. God's Wrath Against Sin (Romans 1:18-23)
Paul describes how God's wrath is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men who suppress the truth. He explains that God's invisible attributes, eternal power, and divine nature have been clearly seen through creation, leaving people without excuse. Despite knowing God, they neither glorified Him nor gave thanks, leading to futile thinking and darkened hearts.

5. The Consequences of Idolatry (Romans 1:24-25)
Because of their idolatry, God gave them over to impurity and the degrading of their bodies. They exchanged the truth of God for a lie and worshiped created things rather than the Creator.

6. Depravity and Its Manifestations (Romans 1:26-32)
Paul describes how God gave them over to shameful lusts and unnatural relations. He lists various forms of wickedness, including envy, murder, deceit, and malice. Paul concludes that although they know God's righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve death, they not only continue to do these things but also approve of those who practice them.1. Introduction and Greeting (Romans 1:1-7)
Paul introduces himself as a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, and set apart for the gospel of God. He emphasizes the fulfillment of the gospel promised through the prophets in the Holy Scriptures. The Greek term "ἀπόστολος" (apostolos) highlights his role as a messenger or one sent forth.

2. Paul’s Desire to Visit Rome (Romans 1:8-15)
Paul expresses his gratitude for the faith of the Roman believers, which is proclaimed throughout the world. He shares his longing to visit them to impart some spiritual gift and to be mutually encouraged by each other's faith. The Greek word "χάρισμα" (charisma) refers to a spiritual gift or grace.

3. The Power of the Gospel (Romans 1:16-17)
Paul declares he is not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes. The righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith, as it is written, "The righteous will live by faith." The Greek term "δύναμις" (dynamis) signifies power or might, emphasizing the transformative power of the gospel.

4. God’s Wrath Against Sin (Romans 1:18-23)
The wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men who suppress the truth. Paul explains that God's invisible attributes have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made. The Greek word "ἀσέβεια" (asebeia) refers to ungodliness or impiety.

5. The Consequences of Idolatry (Romans 1:24-32)
Due to their idolatry and rejection of God, God gave them over to sinful desires and degrading passions. Paul lists various sins and emphasizes that those who practice such things deserve death. The Greek term "παραδίδωμι" (paradidomi) means to give over or hand over, indicating God's judicial act of allowing people to follow their sinful inclinations.1. The Gospel as the Power of God (Romans 1:16-17)
Paul emphasizes that the gospel is "the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes." The Greek word for power, "dynamis," indicates an inherent strength and ability, underscoring the transformative power of the gospel. The righteousness of God is revealed through faith, highlighting the centrality of faith in the Christian life.

2. The Wrath of God Against Ungodliness (Romans 1:18-20)
God's wrath is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness. The Greek term "orge" for wrath signifies a settled, determined indignation. Paul explains that God's invisible attributes, eternal power, and divine nature have been clearly seen, leaving humanity without excuse.

3. The Rejection of God and Its Consequences (Romans 1:21-23)
Humanity's failure to honor God leads to futile thinking and darkened hearts. The Greek word "mataioō" for futile suggests emptiness or vanity. This rejection results in idolatry, as people exchange the glory of the immortal God for images resembling creation.

4. God Giving People Over to Sin (Romans 1:24-28)
As a consequence of their idolatry, God "gave them over" to impurity and degrading passions. The Greek phrase "paredōken" indicates a judicial act of handing over. This theme highlights the moral and spiritual decline resulting from rejecting God.

5. The Depravity of Humanity (Romans 1:29-31)
Paul lists various sins, illustrating the depth of human depravity. The Greek terms used, such as "adikia" (unrighteousness) and "ponēria" (wickedness), depict a comprehensive picture of moral corruption.

6. The Judgment of God (Romans 1:32)
Despite knowing God's righteous decree, people continue in sin and approve of others who do the same. This theme underscores the inevitability of divine judgment, as the Greek word "krima" indicates a legal decision or verdict.1. (Romans 1:20) How does this verse claiming visible proof of God’s nature align with modern scientific findings that explain the universe without a divine cause?

2. (Romans 1:18) If God’s wrath is already revealed, why does evil still flourish throughout history without clear, direct intervention?

3. (Romans 1:21–22) How can these verses label nonbelievers as “foolish” when many brilliant minds throughout history have not believed in God?

4. (Romans 1:26–27) Do these verses conflict with other biblical teachings on love and acceptance, considering today’s broader understanding of human sexuality?

5. (Romans 1:32) Does pronouncing death and judgment on those who practice such sins contradict New Testament themes of forgiveness and grace?

1. How does Paul describe his calling and mission in verses 1-7?

2. What does it mean for the Romans that their faith is being reported all over the world?

3. Why do you think Paul is eager to preach the gospel in Rome?

4. How does Paul define the Gospel in verses 16-17?

5. How can one "live by faith" as mentioned in verse 17?

6. What does it mean that the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith?

7. What is the significance of the phrase "the righteous will live by faith"?

8. What does the wrath of God look like according to verses 18-32?

9. Why does Paul claim that people are "without excuse" in their knowledge of God?

10. How does the issue of idolatry presented in this chapter relate to today's society?

11. How does Paul link the rejection of God's truth with moral decline?

12. How are the truths in Romans 1 relevant to your life today?

13. How does this chapter inform your understanding of God's view of sin?

14. How can you apply Paul's unashamed attitude towards the Gospel in your life?

15. How can you respond to people who "suppress the truth"?

16. What are the consequences of not honoring God as God according to this chapter?

17. How does Romans 1 shape your understanding of the Gospel's power?

18. How can you encourage other people in their faith, as Paul desired to encourage the Roman Christians?

19. How does this chapter influence your view of God's righteousness and wrath?

20. How can the teachings in Romans 1 guide your day-to-day choices and behavior?