Lexical Summary ekdotos: Delivered up, given over Original Word: ἐκδοτός Strong's Exhaustive Concordance delivered. From ek and a derivative of didomi; given out or over, i.e. Surrendered -- delivered. see GREEK ek see GREEK didomi NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom ek and didómi Definition given out or over, i.e. surrendered NASB Translation delivered (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 1560: ἔκδοτοςἔκδοτος, ἔκδοτον (ἐκδίδωμι), given over, delivered up, (to enemies, or to the power, the will, of someone): λαμβάνειν τινα ἔκδοτον, Acts 2:23 (but λαβόντες is rejected by G L T Tr WH); διδόναι or ποιεῖν τινα ἔκδοτος Herodotus 3, 1; Demosthenes, 648, 25; Josephus, Antiquities 6, 13, 9; Palaeph. 41, 2; others; Bel and the Dragon, verse Topical Lexicon The Singular Occurrence in Acts 2:23 The word appears only once in the Greek New Testament, in Peter’s Pentecost sermon: “He was delivered over by God’s set plan and foreknowledge, and you, with the help of wicked men, put Him to death by nailing Him to the cross” (Acts 2:23). Peter chooses this rare term to emphasize both the reality of Christ being “handed over” and the decisive role of the Father’s redemptive design. Divine Sovereignty and Human Responsibility Acts 2:23 weaves together two strands that run through all of Scripture: Christological Focus By calling Jesus the One “delivered over,” Luke’s narrative underscores: 1. The voluntary nature of the Son’s mission (John 10:18). Old Testament Echoes Though the exact term does not occur in the Septuagint, related expressions of being “given into the hands” of enemies recur (Judges 2:14; Psalm 22:16). These foreshadow the climactic handing-over of the true Davidic King. Peter’s choice signals to his Jewish audience that the ancient narrative pattern finds its culmination in Jesus. Apostolic Kerygma Acts 2:23 supplies a theological template that reappears throughout the apostolic preaching: While later verses use different vocabulary, the same idea of redemptive surrender governs their proclamation. Theological Implications 1. Atonement—The unique occurrence accentuates substitution; Jesus is not merely a martyr but the appointed sacrifice. Historical Reception Early church fathers—Ignatius, Justin Martyr, and Irenaeus—seized on Acts 2:23 to defend both the deity of Christ and the legitimacy of the crucifixion within God’s purposes. Medieval theologians linked the verse to the concept of “felix culpa,” the blessed fault that occasioned redemption. Pastoral and Homiletical Applications • Assurance—Believers may rest in the certainty that even life’s darkest events fall within God’s gracious plan. Summary Strong’s Greek 1560, though occurring only once, serves as a theological linchpin. It frames the crucifixion as the converging point of divine purpose and human sin, magnifies the glory of Christ’s voluntary sacrifice, and stands as a perpetual reminder that God’s sovereign plan secures redemption while holding humanity responsible for its choices. Forms and Transliterations εκδοτον έκδοτον ἔκδοτον ekdoton ékdotonLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts |
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