Lexical Summary akratos: Unmixed, pure Original Word: ἄκρατος Strong's Exhaustive Concordance unmixed.From a (as a negative particle) and a presumed derivative of kerannumi; undiluted -- without mixture. see GREEK a see GREEK kerannumi NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom alpha (as a neg. prefix) and kerannumi Definition unmixed NASB Translation full strength (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 194: ἄκρατοςἄκρατος, (κεράννυμι), unmixed, pure: Revelation 14:10 (of wine undiluted with water, as freq. in secular writings and Jeremiah 32:1 Topical Lexicon Term Overview ἀκράτου, rendered by the Berean Standard Bible in Revelation 14:10 as “full strength,” conveys the idea of wine that has not been watered down. The image is arresting: judgment administered at maximum potency, without alleviation or delay. Cultural Background: Wine and Dilution In the Greco-Roman world wine was regularly mixed with water—often at ratios of three or four parts water to one part wine—to temper its power and extend its supply. Undiluted wine was reserved for particular rites, for medicinal use, or for the gravest of warnings. An ancient hearer encountering ἀκράτου would immediately think of something potent, consuming, and impossible to evade. Biblical Context: Revelation 14:10 “He also will drink the wine of God’s anger, poured full strength into the cup of His wrath…” (Revelation 14:10). The verse sits in a section where three angels announce final judgment upon those who worship the beast. The term underscores that the coming retribution will not be softened by mercy once the opportunity for repentance is past. Imagery of the Divine Cup Scripture often speaks of God’s wrath as a cup to be drunk: • Psalm 75:8 – “For there is a cup in the hand of the LORD… all the wicked of the earth will drain it down to the dregs.” ἀκράτου heightens that established motif. The prophetical cup is no longer only deep; it is now undiluted. Theological Significance 1. Perfect Justice. The word insists that divine judgment is neither capricious nor excessive, but exact, total, and righteous. Prophetic Continuity Saint John’s vision consummates centuries of prophetic warning. The continuity between Psalm, Jeremiah, Isaiah, and Revelation demonstrates the unity of Scripture’s revelation about the holiness of God and the certainty of judgment. Historical Background Early Christian writers (e.g., Justin Martyr, Irenaeus) cited Revelation 14 to warn pagan audiences of the peril of idolatry. In medieval homiletics the “unmixed cup” became a vivid picture to stir penitence during seasons like Lent. Reformers appealed to this text to stress the urgency of sola fide—faith alone—as the only escape from wrath. Pastoral and Ministry Applications • Evangelism: The verse frames the urgency of gospel proclamation. An undiluted cup awaits those outside Christ; therefore love compels bold witness. Related References Revelation 14:9-11; Psalm 75:8; Isaiah 51:17; Jeremiah 25:15-29; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 18:6; Revelation 19:15; Matthew 26:39; Mark 14:36; Luke 22:42. Forms and Transliterations ακρατου ακράτου ἀκράτου ακριβασμοί ακριβασμόν akratou akrátouLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts |
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