Lexical Summary per: about, concerning, around, on account of Original Word: περί Strong's Exhaustive Concordance whosoever. From the base of peran; an enclitic particle significant of abundance (thoroughness), i.e. Emphasis; much, very or ever -- (whom-)soever. see GREEK peran HELPS Word-studies 4007 per (an emphatic particle derived from 4012 /perí, "concerning, all about") – fully concerning; wholly, very, really – literally "all-around" the whole perimeter; (figuratively) to the limit, beyond what is expected (usual). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 4007: περπερ, an enclitic particle, akin to the preposition περί (Herm. de part. ἄν, p. 6; Curtius, § 359; cf. Lob. Pathol. Elementa, i. 290; others (connect it directly with πέραν, etc., and) give 'throughly' as its fundamental meaning; cf. Bäumlein, Partikeln, p. 198), showing that the idea of the word to which it is annexed must be taken in its fullest extent; it corresponds to the Latincirciter, cunque, German noch so sehr, immerhin, wenigstens, ja; (English however much, very much, altogether, indeed); cf. Hermann ad Vig., p. 791; Klotz ad Devar. ii. 2, p. 722ff; (Donaldson, New Crat. § 178 at the end). In the N. T. it is affixed to the pronoun ὅς and to sundry particles, see διόπερ, ἐάνπερ, εἴπερ, ἐπείπερ, ἐπειδήπερ, ἤπερ, καθάπερ, καίπερ, ὅσπερ, ὥσπερ. ((From Homer down.)) Topical Lexicon Scope of Meaning and Range of Ideasπερί fundamentally expresses the idea of “around” spatially and “about / concerning” conceptually. In Scripture it can mark: Relationship to the New Testament Corpus The exact form catalogued as Strong’s Greek 4007 does not surface in the extant New Testament text, yet its cognate preposition (Strong’s 4012) permeates the apostolic writings. Therefore, the theological weight of περί is gleaned by examining those parallel occurrences. Paul, Peter, John, and the writer of Hebrews consistently employ the word when clarifying doctrine, addressing pastoral concerns, or framing Christ’s redemptive work. This ubiquity shows that God chose a single preposition to connect truths “concerning” Himself with the lived experience of His people. Usage in the Septuagint The Septuagint frequently uses περί to translate Hebrew עַל (al) and לְ (le) when introducing explanatory clauses or sacrificial purposes. Examples include: Through the LXX, Jewish readers in the Second Temple era already heard covenant realities framed with περί, paving the way for New Testament writers to employ the same term without ambiguity. Key Theological Themes Illustrated by περί 1. Concern for the Congregation “Now concerning brotherly love, you have no need for anyone to write to you” (1 Thessalonians 4:9). The Apostles often shift topics with περί, demonstrating pastoral attentiveness to specific needs in the flock. 2. Clarity of Doctrine “Now about food sacrificed to idols, we know that ‘We all have knowledge’” (1 Corinthians 8:4). Here περί introduces a contested issue, underscoring that revelation speaks directly to practical questions. 3. Christ’s Substitutionary Work “For Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God” (1 Peter 3:18). Elsewhere the phrase “He died for (περί) all” shows περί marking the atoning purpose of the cross. 4. Intercessory Prayer Paul repeatedly asks believers to pray “for us” (Colossians 4:3), demonstrating that gospel advance is bound up with petitions introduced by περί. Historical and Cultural Background Classical writers used περί in philosophical debate (e.g., “about virtue”), legal contexts (“concerning property”), and navigational speech (“sail around the cape”). By New Testament times it was an indispensable connective in common Koine conversation. The Spirit’s inspiration of Scripture in everyday Greek highlights divine accommodation: eternal truths are communicated through familiar linguistic furniture. Ministry Implications • Teaching: When Scripture says “concerning” a matter, teachers are reminded to move from generalities to concrete answers rooted in God’s revelation. Related Expressions • ὑπέρ (on behalf of, beyond) – often overlaps but leans toward substitution and superiority. Recognizing these nuances guards expositors from flattening the text’s precision. Summary for Preachers and Students Although Strong’s 4007 itself is textually unattested in the Greek New Testament, its cognate form saturates both Testaments, binding together the Bible’s diverse themes. Whether outlining doctrine, shepherding believers, or exalting the finished work of Christ, Scripture repeatedly turns to περί to answer the perennial question: “What does God say about this?” Forms and Transliterations περάνη περανούσινLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance πεντάκις — 1 Occ.πεντακισχιλίων — 1 Occ. πεντακισχίλιοι — 4 Occ. πεντακισχιλίους — 1 Occ. πεντακόσια — 1 Occ. πεντακοσίοις — 1 Occ. πέντε — 38 Occ. πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ — 1 Occ. πεντήκοντα — 7 Occ. πεντηκοστῆς — 3 Occ. Πεποίθησιν — 2 Occ. περαιτέρω — 1 Occ. πέραν — 23 Occ. πέρας — 1 Occ. πέρατα — 1 Occ. περάτων — 2 Occ. Περγάμῳ — 1 Occ. Πέργαμον — 1 Occ. Πέργῃ — 1 Occ. Πέργην — 1 Occ. |
    |