Lexicon perikatharma: Filth, refuse, scum Original Word: περικάθαρμα Strong's Exhaustive Concordance filth. From a compound of peri and kathairo; something cleaned off all around, i.e. Refuse (figuratively) -- filth. see GREEK peri see GREEK kathairo HELPS Word-studies 4027 perikátharma – properly, off-scouring (refuse); "left-overs," rejected after a thorough cleansing; (figuratively) an outcast, viewed as scummy residue (used only in 1 Cor 4:13). 4027 /perikátharma ("rubbish") describes someone as "the filth of the world, representing 'the most abject and despicable men' (Grimm-Thayer) – the scum or rubbish of humanity" (Vine, Unger, White, NT, 237). [4027 (perikátharma) literally refers to the rubbish left-over after "cleansing all around." The Greeks used 4027 (perikátharma) "of criminals kept at the public expense, to be thrown into the sea, or otherwise killed, at the outbreak of a pestilence, etc. It is used in 1 Cor 4:13 much in this sense" (ibid).] NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom a comp. of peri and kathairó Definition that which is cleaned off, refuse NASB Translation scum (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 4027: περικάθαρμαπερικάθαρμα, περικαθαρματος, τό (περικαθαίρω, to cleanse on all sides (περί, III. 1)), off-scouring, refuse: plural, τά περικαθάρματα τοῦ κόσμου (A. V., the filth of the world), metaphorically, the most abject and despicable men, 1 Corinthians 4:13. (Epictetus diss. 3, 22, 78;purgamenta urbis, Curt. 8, 5, 8; 10, 2, 7; (see Wetstein on 1 Corinthians, the passage cited); the Sept. once for כֹּפֶר, the price of expiation or redemption, Proverbs 21:18, because the Greeks used to apply the term καθαρματα to victims sacrificed to make expiation for the people, and even to criminals who were maintained at the public expense, that on the outbreak of a pestilence or other calamity they might be offered as sacrifices to make expiation for the state.) STRONGS NT 4027a: περικαθίζωπερικαθίζω: 1 aorist participle περικαθισας; 1. in classical Greek transitive, to bid or make to sit around, to invest, besiege, a city, a fortress. 2. intransitive, to sit around, be seated around ; so in Luke 22:55 Lachmann text Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: There is no direct Hebrew equivalent for "περικάθαρμα" in the Old Testament. However, concepts of impurity and cleansing can be found in Hebrew terms such as טָמֵא (tame, Strong's H2930, meaning "unclean") and טָהֵר (taher, Strong's H2891, meaning "to be clean" or "to cleanse"). These terms relate to the broader biblical themes of purity, cleansing, and the removal of defilement. Usage: The word is used in the New Testament to describe the apostles' status in the eyes of the world, highlighting their humility and the contempt they faced. It appears in 1 Corinthians 4:13. Context: • The term "περικάθαρμα" is found in 1 Corinthians 4:13, where the Apostle Paul uses it to describe the apostles' condition as the "offscouring of the world." In this context, Paul is emphasizing the lowly and despised position that the apostles held in society, despite their significant spiritual authority and mission. The use of "περικάθαρμα" underscores the theme of humility and the paradox of strength in weakness that is prevalent throughout Paul's writings. |
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