Lexical Summary anthupatos: Proconsul Original Word: ἀνθύπατος Strong's Exhaustive Concordance deputy, proconsul.From anti and a superlative of huper; instead of the highest officer, i.e. (specially) a Roman proconsul -- deputy. see GREEK anti see GREEK huper NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom anti and hupatos (highest) Definition a consul, proconsul NASB Translation proconsul (4), proconsuls (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 446: ἀνθύπατοςἀνθύπατος, ἀνθυπάτου, ὁ (see the preceding word), proconsul: Acts 13:7, 8, 12; Acts 18:12 L T Tr WH; Acts 19:38. The emperor Augustus divided the Roman provinces into senatorial and imperial. The former were presided over by proconsuls; the latter were administered by legates of the emperor, sometimes called also propraetors. (Polybius, Dionysius Halicarnassus, Lucian, Plutarch, and often in Dio Cassius) (B. D. under the word Topical Lexicon Roman administrative backgroundIn the Roman Empire a proconsul was the chief civil and military governor of a senatorial province. Answerable to the Senate rather than to the emperor, he held imperium and presided over the provincial assizes, taxation, and capital jurisdiction. Cyprus and Achaia—both mentioned in Acts—were senatorial provinces during the period covered by Luke’s narrative, so the appearance of proconsuls in those locations is historically precise and chronologically consistent. Appearances in Acts 1. Cyprus (Acts 13:7-12). 2. Achaia (Acts 18:12). 3. Ephesus (Acts 19:38). Historical witness to Luke’s accuracy Archaeological discoveries have confirmed Sergius Paulus as a real official on Cyprus and date Gallio’s tenure in Achaia to AD 51-52 by means of the Delphi inscription. Luke’s precise use of the title in the correct provinces supports the reliability of Acts and its composition by a well-informed eyewitness or researcher. Ministry implications • Open doors to high authority. The Cyprus episode records the gospel reaching the highest civil official on the island, illustrating that the Great Commission penetrates every social stratum. Spiritual lessons 1. Intellectual integrity and faith. Sergius Paulus exemplifies a seeker who examines evidence, discerns deception, and responds in belief—encouragement for apologetic engagement with educated audiences. Doctrinal and apologetic considerations The conversion of a proconsul undermines the charge that Christianity was merely a movement of the uneducated. The impartial ruling of another proconsul refutes the notion that the gospel inherently fosters civil disorder. Together these texts affirm that the message of Christ speaks with authority to both rulers and commoners while promoting peaceable conduct within existing governmental frameworks. Contemporary applications • Pray strategically for leaders in government, following the New Testament pattern of evangelizing those in authority (1 Timothy 2:1-4). Forms and Transliterations ανθ ανθ' ανθυπατοι ανθύπατοί ἀνθύπατοί ανθυπατον ανθύπατον ἀνθύπατον ανθυπατος ανθύπατος ἀνθύπατος ανθυπατου ἀνθυπάτου ανθυπατω ανθυπάτω ἀνθυπάτῳ ανθυφαιρεθήσεται ανίατα ανίατον ανίατος ανιάτω anthupato anthupatō anthupatoi anthupaton anthupatos anthupatou anthypato anthypatō anthypatoi anthypátoi anthypátōi anthýpatoí anthypaton anthýpaton anthypatos anthýpatos anthypatou anthypátouLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Acts 13:7 N-DMSGRK: σὺν τῷ ἀνθυπάτῳ Σεργίῳ Παύλῳ NAS: who was with the proconsul, Sergius KJV: with the deputy of the country, Sergius INT: with the procounsul Sergius Paulus Acts 13:8 N-AMS Acts 13:12 N-NMS Acts 18:12 N-GMS Acts 19:38 N-NMP Strong's Greek 446 |
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