Lexical Summary barad: hail, hailstones Original Word: בָּרָד Strong's Exhaustive Concordance hail, hailstones From barad; hail -hail ((stones)). see HEBREW barad NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom an unused word Definition hail NASB Translation hail (23), hailstones (4), hailstones* (2). Brown-Driver-Briggs בָּרָד noun masculineExodus 9:18 hail (Arabic  , Aramaic בְּרַד,  ; also Sabean ברדם, cold DHMZMG 1875, 607) — בָּרָד Exodus 9:18 28t.; — hail, with ׳המטיר י Exodus 9:18,23, with ׳נתן י Exodus 9:23; also Exodus 9:19,22,24,25 (twice in verse); Exodus 9:26; Exodus 10:5,12,15; "" קֹלֹת thunder Exodus 9:23,28,29,33, "" קֹלֹת & מָטָר Exodus 9:34, "" אשׁ lightning Exodus 9:24; all J E, Egyptian plague; compare Psalm 78:47; Psalm 78:48; Psalm 105:32; another great hailstorm Joshua 10:11 (E), where ׳אַבְנֵי הַבּ; further, in theophany Psalm 18:13 ("" גחליאֿשׁ) 2 Samuel 22:13 omits by error; strike out however in Psalm 18:14 compare De Che etc.; ׳אוצרות ב Job 38:22, שׁלג וקיטור ׳אשׁ וב Psalm 148:8, ׳ירקון וב Haggai 2:17; in simile Isaiah 28:2 שׁער ׳זרם ב; figurative Isaiah 28:17; Isaiah 30:30 (׳אבן ב) — figurative of judgment of ׳י. Topical Lexicon Scope of Occurrencesבָּרָד (hail) appears twenty-nine times in the Hebrew canon, concentrated in the Exodus plague narrative (ten uses), the conquest account (Joshua 10:11), Wisdom and hymnody (Job 37:6; 38:22; Psalms 18:12-13; 78:47-48; 105:32; 147:17; 148:8), and the prophets (Isaiah 28:2, 17; 30:30; 32:19; Ezekiel 13:11, 13; 38:22; Haggai 2:17, plus four further mentions as stock vocabulary for covenant judgment). Across these settings hail functions as a tangible token of Yahweh’s sovereign intervention in history and nature. The Plague in Egypt (Exodus 9) Exodus devotes more verse space to hail than any other book, underscoring the plague’s theological weight. Moses warns Pharaoh that “there will be very severe hail, the like of which has never been seen in Egypt” (Exodus 9:18). When Moses stretches out his staff, “the LORD sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down to the earth” (9:23). The narrative highlights: 1. Unprecedented magnitude—“Throughout the land… it struck down every man and beast” (9:25). The plague thus exposes Egyptian idolatry (storm-gods impotent) and authenticates Moses as Yahweh’s emissary. Hail as Divine Artillery in the Conquest (Joshua 10:11) During Joshua’s pursuit of the Amorite coalition, “the LORD hurled down large hailstones from the heavens…and more died from the hail than were killed by the sword” (Joshua 10:11). The same element that devastated Egypt now champions Israel, illustrating covenant reciprocity (Genesis 12:3). Yahweh alone determines whether hail is punitive or protective. Wisdom Literature: Storehouses and Sermons (Job 37–38) Elihu reminds Job, “He says to the snow, ‘Fall on the earth,’ and to the torrential rain, ‘Be a mighty downpour’” (Job 37:6). Later, the LORD’s whirlwind reply asks, “Have you entered the storehouses of hail, which I reserve for times of trouble, for days of war and battle?” (Job 38:22-23). Hail becomes a rhetorical device for humbling human pretensions: finite minds cannot fathom the inventories of divine judgment. Psalms: Liturgical Memory and Praise Psalm 18:12-13 couples hail with lightning as theophanic weaponry; Psalm 78:47-48 rehearses the Exodus plague; Psalm 105:32 cites hail as covenant “signs” in Egypt. Conversely, Psalm 148:8 summons “hail, snow, and vapor” to praise the LORD—creation’s extremes serve doxology. Prophetic Warnings Isaiah employs hail to depict both immediate and eschatological judgment: • “Behold, the Lord has one who is mighty and strong: like a hailstorm and a destructive tempest…” (Isaiah 28:2). Ezekiel intensifies the motif: against false prophets (Ezekiel 13:11, 13) and against Gog of Magog—“I will pour down torrents of rain, hailstones, fire, and brimstone” (Ezekiel 38:22). Haggai 2:17 points to post-exilic crop failures: “I struck you…with blight and mildew and hail, yet you did not return to Me.” Eschatological Echoes While בָּרָד ends in Malachi’s era, Revelation rekindles the image: “enormous hailstones, each weighing about a talent” (Revelation 16:21). The Old Testament groundwork frames these final judgments as consistent with God’s historical dealings. Theological Themes 1. Sovereign control of creation—Hail answers only to the divine command (Job 38:22; Psalm 147:17). Ministry Implications • Preaching: Hail episodes warn against hard-heartedness and call to repentance before greater judgment. Conclusion בָּרָד operates in Scripture as more than meteorology; it is an emblem of the Creator’s active, moral governance. From Egypt’s fields to eschatological horizons, hailstones testify that the heavens remain under covenant authority, compelling every generation toward reverent obedience and hope. Forms and Transliterations בַּבָּרָ֣ד בָּ֝רָ֗ד בָּרָ֑ד בָּרָ֖ד בָּרָ֣ד בָּרָֽד׃ בָרָ֔ד בָרָ֖ד בָרָד֙ בברד ברד ברד׃ הַבָּרָ֑ד הַבָּרָ֔ד הַבָּרָ֖ד הַבָּרָ֜ד הַבָּרָֽד׃ הברד הברד׃ וְהַבָּרָ֔ד וְהַבָּרָ֛ד וְהַבָּרָד֙ וּ֭בָרָד וּבַבָּרָ֔ד וּבָרָ֑ד וּבָרָ֔ד ובברד וברד והברד לַבָּרָ֣ד לברד bā·rāḏ ḇā·rāḏ bab·bā·rāḏ babbaRad babbārāḏ baRad bārāḏ ḇārāḏ hab·bā·rāḏ habbaRad habbārāḏ lab·bā·rāḏ labbaRad labbārāḏ ū·ḇā·rāḏ ū·ḇab·bā·rāḏ ūḇabbārāḏ ūḇārāḏ uvabbaRad uvaRad Uvarod vaRad vehabbaRad wə·hab·bā·rāḏ wəhabbārāḏLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Exodus 9:18 HEB: כָּעֵ֣ת מָחָ֔ר בָּרָ֖ד כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד NAS: heavy hail, such KJV: grievous hail, such as hath not been INT: time tomorrow hail heavy A very Exodus 9:19 Exodus 9:22 Exodus 9:23 Exodus 9:23 Exodus 9:24 Exodus 9:24 Exodus 9:25 Exodus 9:25 Exodus 9:26 Exodus 9:28 Exodus 9:29 Exodus 9:33 Exodus 9:34 Exodus 10:5 Exodus 10:12 Exodus 10:15 Joshua 10:11 Job 38:22 Psalm 18:12 Psalm 18:13 Psalm 78:47 Psalm 78:48 Psalm 105:32 Psalm 148:8 29 Occurrences |
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