Lexical Summary petash: To crush, to pound, to pulverize Original Word: פַטִּישׁ Strong's Exhaustive Concordance hose (Aramaic) from a root corresponding to that of pattiysh; a gown (as if hammered out wide) -- hose. see HEBREW pattiysh NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin(Aramaic) of uncertain derivation Definition (a garment) perhaps leggings NASB Translation coats (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs [מְּטַשׁ] noun [masculine] a garment, meaning dubious, tunic (Thes) or leggings SACJPhil. xxvi (1899), 309; (probably later insertion in text Id.ib. 311 ff.) (Talmud (rare); √פטשׁ spread out according to K§ 57 b) a)); — plural suffix פטישי הון Kt (probably ׳מְּטִי K§§ 54, 3 a)a); 57, b)a), Kmpon the passage M78* and others ׳מַּטִּי), מַּטְּשֵׁיהוֺן Qr, Daniel 3:21; conjectures on meaning see in Behrm Bev Dr M78*. Topical Lexicon Occurrence and Setting in Daniel 3 The only biblical appearance of פַטִּישׁ is found in Daniel 3:21, within the Aramaic narrative of Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah (Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego). Nebuchadnezzar’s servants “bound these men in their cloaks, trousers, turbans, and other garments and cast them into the blazing furnace” (Daniel 3:21). The term belongs to a four-fold list of outer and inner clothing that identified the status and full attire of court officials. Historical and Cultural Background Archaeological reliefs and cuneiform inventories from Neo-Babylonia show that high-ranking functionaries wore multilayered garments—including a tight-fitting under-garment similar to trousers—for mobility amid ceremonial duties. Mentioning such a garment in Daniel emphasizes that the Judean exiles were fully integrated into Babylonian bureaucracy and dressed accordingly. Their fidelity to the LORD was therefore not the result of cultural isolation but of deliberate conviction lived out in a pagan milieu. Literary Purpose in the Daniel Narrative 1. Total preparedness for destruction: The detailed dress list signals that nothing flammable was omitted. Humanly speaking, the three men had no physical refuge. Theological and Ministry Applications • Proof of God’s supremacy in hostile cultures. The untouched פַּטִּישׁ exemplifies how the LORD can preserve His people’s ordinary, everyday aspects—work attire, tools, reputations—when they obey Him at great cost (Isaiah 43:2; 1 Peter 4:14–16). Christological and Eschatological Resonance Nebuchadnezzar saw “a fourth man … like a son of the gods” walking among the bound officials (Daniel 3:25). The preserved garments underline the presence of a divine Deliverer who later takes up flesh and walks in the fire of God’s judgment on the cross (2 Corinthians 5:21). Just as the פַּטִּישׁ emerged unscorched, so believers “clothed with Christ” (Galatians 3:27) will emerge unharmed at the final judgment. Summary for Teaching and Preaching פַטִּישׁ, though appearing only once, magnifies the themes of holistic deliverance, public witness, and eschatological hope. The item of clothing reminds the church that God’s protection extends to the smallest thread, encouraging steadfast courage amid cultural pressures and pointing to the perfect preservation found in Jesus Christ. Forms and Transliterations פַּטְּשֵׁיהֹ֔ון פטשיהון paṭ·ṭə·šê·hō·wn paṭṭəšêhōwn pattesheiHonLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Daniel 3:21 HEB: [פַּטִּישֵׁיהֹון כ] (פַּטְּשֵׁיהֹ֔ון ק) וְכַרְבְּלָתְה֖וֹן NAS: up in their trousers, their coats, their caps KJV: in their coats, their hosen, and their hats, INT: were tied their trousers hose their caps and their clothes 1 Occurrence |
    |