Lexical Summary ra'anan: Fresh, flourishing, green Original Word: רַעֲנַן Strong's Exhaustive Concordance flourishing (Aramaic) corresponding to ra'anan; green, i.e. (figuratively) prosperous; --flourishing. see HEBREW ra'anan Brown-Driver-Briggs רַעֲנַן adjective flourishing (perhaps loan-word from Biblical Hebrew רַעֲנָן luxuriant, √ רען); — figurative of person Daniel 4:1 (compare Biblical Hebrew Psalm 92:15). Topical Lexicon Overview The term רַעֲנַן appears once in the Old Testament, describing a state of luxuriant prosperity. The single usage frames the theme of human flourishing set against the backdrop of God’s sovereign rule. Biblical Occurrence and Narrative Setting “I, Nebuchadnezzar, was at ease in my house and flourishing in my palace.” (Daniel 4:4) This self-description opens the king’s personal testimony. Having subdued surrounding nations, enriched Babylon, and completed monumental building projects, he stands at the pinnacle of earthly success. The verse functions as a narrative hinge: from apparent security he will be driven to madness, then restored when he acknowledges “that the Most High rules the kingdom of men and gives it to whom He wishes” (Daniel 4:32). Word Picture of Flourishing The verb evokes vibrant greenery in a well-watered garden (cf. Psalm 92:12-14; Jeremiah 17:8). Scripture often employs such imagery to represent vitality that springs from divine blessing. Yet Daniel 4:4 shows that the outward greenness of worldly empire can mask inner barrenness when detached from humble dependence on God. Contrast Between False and True Security Nebuchadnezzar’s flourish mirrors the rich fool of Luke 12:16-21 who laid up treasure yet was “not rich toward God.” Proverbs 16:18 warns, “Pride goes before destruction,” and James 4:14 reminds that life is “a vapor.” The word רַעֲנַן therefore exposes the fragility of prosperity founded on human achievement alone. Divine Sovereignty and Humbling The king’s ensuing downfall (Daniel 4:28-33) demonstrates that the Lord “is able to humble those who walk in pride” (Daniel 4:37). God gives growth (1 Corinthians 3:7) and with equal ease removes it. Genuine flourishing is restored only when Nebuchadnezzar lifts his eyes to heaven (Daniel 4:34), echoing 1 Peter 5:6: “Humble yourselves… that He may exalt you.” Ministry Applications • Assess prosperity: Is it fostering gratitude or self-exaltation? Related Themes and Cross-References Psalm 1:3; Psalm 52:8; Psalm 92:12-14 – righteous flourishing rooted in the Lord Proverbs 10:22 – blessing without sorrow Jeremiah 17:5-8 – contrast between trust in man and trust in God 1 Timothy 6:17-19 – using riches for eternal profit Summary רַעֲנַן highlights the allure and limits of earthly prosperity. In Daniel 4 it serves as a prelude to divine discipline, reminding every generation that true, lasting greenness comes not from palatial security but from yielded hearts under the sovereign care of the Most High. Forms and Transliterations וְרַעְנַ֖ן ורענן veraNan wə·ra‘·nan wəra‘nanLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Daniel 4:4 HEB: הֲוֵית֙ בְּבֵיתִ֔י וְרַעְנַ֖ן בְּהֵיכְלִֽי׃ NAS: in my house and flourishing in my palace. KJV: in mine house, and flourishing in my palace: INT: was my house and flourishing my palace 1 Occurrence |
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