Lexical Summary tok: Middle, midst, center Original Word: תֹּךְ Strong's Exhaustive Concordance deceit, fraud Or towk (Psa. 72:14) {toke}; from the same base as tavek (in the sense of cutting to pieces); oppression -- deceit, fraud. see HEBREW tavek NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom an unused word Definition injury, oppression NASB Translation oppression (3), oppressor* (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs תֹּךְ II. תּוֺךְ noun masculine injury, oppression; — absolute תֹּךְ + מִרְמָה Psalm 10:7; Psalm 55:12 (so Gi; Baer תּוֺךְ); תּוֺךְ, + חָמָס (gloss) Psalm 72:14; plural אִישׁ תְּכָּ כִּים Proverbs 29:13 oppressor (ᵑ9 creditor; compare אישׁ חמסים 2 Samuel 22:49; Psalm 140:2; Psalm 140:5). — 1.תּוֺךְ see תָּוֶךְ. תְּכָּכִים see תֹּךְ. תִּכְלָה, תַּכְּ לִית see כלה. above, Topical Lexicon Semantic Nuance and Range The noun תֹּךְ (tōḵ) gathers ideas of covert wrongdoing that erupts in open harm—fraud that breeds violence, deception that matures into oppression. In every occurrence the term is paired with other words of evil (cursing, deceit, destruction, violence), showing its place inside a cluster of sins that destabilize covenant life. Canonical Occurrences 1. Psalm 10:7 links תֹּךְ with cursing and deceit flowing from the mouth of the wicked: “His mouth is full of cursing, deceit, and violence; trouble and malice are under his tongue”. The verse paints tōḵ as the audible evidence of a corrupt heart. Theological Themes • Total Depravity in Speech and Action: Psalm 10 presents tōḵ as verbal and behavioral, confirming that sin pervades both tongue and deed (compare Romans 3:14). Historical Background The Psalter reflects eras when Israel endured internal injustice alongside external threats. Tōḵ captures the hidden, systemic wrongs that flourished in the shadows of monarchy and marketplace alike. Its rarity (three uses) may signal a specialized term reserved for moments when deceit matures into life-threatening cruelty. Ministry Implications • Preaching: Tōḵ invites sermons exposing the link between inward deceit and outward violence, urging congregations toward integrity (Ephesians 4:25). Christological Reflection Where תֹּךְ thrives, Christ reigns to redeem. The Psalms pivot from the darkness of tōḵ to the dawning rule of the Son of David, whose cross confronts deceit with truth and violence with sacrificial love (1 Peter 2:22-24). Thus every mention of tōḵ ultimately magnifies the gospel: the King has come to end oppression forever. Forms and Transliterations וָתֹ֑ךְ ותך מִתּ֣וֹךְ מתוך תֹּ֣ךְ תך mit·tō·wḵ mitToch mittōwḵ toch tōḵ vaToch wā·ṯōḵ wāṯōḵLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Psalm 10:7 HEB: מָ֭לֵא וּמִרְמ֣וֹת וָתֹ֑ךְ תַּ֥חַת לְ֝שׁוֹנ֗וֹ NAS: and deceit and oppression; Under KJV: and deceit and fraud: under his tongue INT: is full and deceit and oppression Under his tongue Psalm 55:11 Psalm 72:14 3 Occurrences |
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