What is the meaning of Exodus 21:11? If, however The verse opens with a conditional phrase, signaling an exception within the larger law of female servitude (see Exodus 21:7–10; Deuteronomy 15:12). God is not overlooking abuse; He is setting a clear safeguard. The “however” tells the listener, “Pay attention—this is the point where the woman’s protection becomes paramount.” He does not provide her Failure to care is the issue. A man who has taken a female servant as a wife must actively supply for her needs. Scripture elsewhere warns, “If anyone does not provide for his own… he has denied the faith” (1 Timothy 5:8). Neglect is not a minor oversight—it is a covenant breach. With these three things Verse 10 lists the trio: food, clothing, and marital rights. • Food—daily sustenance (compare Proverbs 31:15) • Clothing—ongoing material care (Isaiah 58:7) • Marital rights—emotional and physical intimacy (1 Corinthians 7:3–4) If any of these are withheld, the woman’s security is compromised. God’s law insists that marriage never reduces a wife to property; she remains a person worthy of provision and affection. She is free to go Freedom is the remedy. Like the jubilee release in Leviticus 25:41 or Jeremiah 34:9, the woman is not trapped. The covenant she entered was contingent on the husband’s faithfulness; his neglect nullifies the bond, and she may depart. Without monetary payment No ransom, no reimbursement, no strings attached—her liberation is total (compare Deuteronomy 15:18). The debt is on the negligent husband, not on the wronged wife. God’s justice keeps the powerless from being re-enslaved by financial hurdles. summary Exodus 21:11 insists that a husband who takes a servant-girl as a wife must treat her with full marital care. If he withholds food, clothing, or intimacy, she may walk away completely free and owing nothing. The verse upholds the woman’s dignity, demonstrates God’s heart for the vulnerable, and reinforces the principle that covenant responsibilities and personal care are inseparable. |
    |