What does the Bible say about tithes and offerings?

Definition and Origins of Tithes

The concept of giving a “tithe” (literally “tenth”) appears early in Scripture. One of the most noted examples is when Abram (later Abraham) gave a tenth of his spoils to Melchizedek. “Then Abram gave Melchizedek a tenth of everything” (Genesis 14:20). Later, Jacob pledged to give a tenth of all he received if God would keep him safe (Genesis 28:22). These early examples establish a pattern of dedicating a portion to honor the Creator.

Tithes Under the Mosaic Law

Under the Law given to Israel, the tithe becomes formally recognized as a command. “A tithe of everything from the land … belongs to the LORD” (Leviticus 27:30). The Levites, who served in the tabernacle and had no land inheritance, received these tithes as their provision (Numbers 18:21). Additional instructions required varying tithes—some for the Levites, some to be consumed during festivals in worship to God (Deuteronomy 14:22–29). These contributions helped sustain worship services and meet the needs of the priestly class and the vulnerable within the community.

According to the text, these mandates underscored a reliance on God. By giving back a tenth of livestock, produce, and other resources, the Israelites demonstrated that all provision ultimately came from the Creator and that they depended on Him for their continued well-being.

Offerings in the Old Testament

Beyond tithes, offerings (also called contributions or freewill offerings) appear frequently. “Tell the Israelites to bring Me an offering. You are to receive My offering from every man whose heart compels him” (Exodus 25:2). Whereas the tithe was more structured, these offerings reflected spontaneous generosity. This system included sacrifices for thanksgiving, sin, fellowship, and more (Leviticus 1–7).

Throughout the Old Testament, these freewill gifts expressed gratitude and devotion. For example, after King David received materials for building the temple, the people “gave willingly” (1 Chronicles 29:9). Their heartfelt giving demonstrated trust and reverence for God’s work.

Purpose of Tithes and Offerings

1. Recognition of God’s Ownership: By returning a portion back to God, believers acknowledge that He is the source of every material blessing (Deuteronomy 8:18).

2. Support for Worship and Ministry: Tithes and offerings provided for priests, Levites, and the upkeep of sacred facilities (Numbers 18:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4–5).

3. Provision for the Needy: Scripture repeatedly emphasizes caring for orphans, widows, and strangers (Deuteronomy 14:28–29). The tithes and offerings enabled practical acts of mercy and justice.

4. Expression of Worshipful Hearts: Rather than a dry obligation, these gifts embodied gratitude and faith (Exodus 25:2). God values genuine devotion over mere ritual.

Tithes and Offerings in the Prophets

The prophetic books confirm that tithes and offerings serve as gateways to blessing, as seen in Malachi 3:10: “Bring the whole tithe into the storehouse…” This call to obey challenged Israel to rediscover their covenant faithfulness. The prophet’s message also indicated that neglecting the tithe was akin to robbing God (Malachi 3:8–9). Conversely, fulfilling this act of obedience came with a promise of His abundant provision.

Tithes and Offerings in the New Testament

In the Gospels, Jesus affirms the importance of the tithe while stressing deeper issues of justice and mercy (Matthew 23:23). He does not dismiss the practice; rather, He calls believers to sincere hearts that give for the right reasons.

The early church regularly supported fellow believers and ministry efforts—“they shared everything they had” (Acts 4:32). Although formal tithing is not as systematically emphasized beyond the Mosaic context, offerings continue as a vital practice. The Apostle Paul writes, “Each one should give what he has decided in his heart to give, not out of regret or compulsion” (2 Corinthians 9:7). This verse highlights a spirit-led approach rather than a strict legal requirement.

Principles of Generous Giving

1. Voluntariness: Believers are encouraged to give “cheerfully,” guided by love rather than obligation (2 Corinthians 9:7).

2. Proportionate Giving: Many find that designating a percentage (such as a tenth) remains useful as a baseline. It helps foster discipline and a habit of generosity.

3. Sacrificial Spirit: Luke 21:1–4 highlights the widow’s offering. She gave “all she had to live on” (Luke 21:4), illustrating the heart behind genuine generosity.

4. Stewardship Mindset: All resources belong to God; we are merely managers of blessings that can further His purposes (1 Chronicles 29:12–14).

5. Eternal Focus: Jesus teaches to “store up for yourselves treasures in heaven” (Matthew 6:20), underscoring that giving invests in God’s kingdom and has eternal significance.

Addressing Practical Questions and Concerns

• Is tithing mandatory for believers today? Many view tithing as a timeless principle but balanced with New Testament giving instructions. While specific guidelines from the Mosaic Law do not always directly apply, the principle of supporting ministry and caring for others continues.

• What if resources are limited? Scripture emphasizes the heart over the amount. The widow’s mite is a powerful example that even small, sacrificial gifts are precious to God (Luke 21:2–4).

• Where should tithes and offerings go? In biblical times, giving supported local worship and benevolence. Modern believers often support their local congregation and trusted ministries that further God’s work.

Faith, Trust, and the Joy of Giving

Followers are invited to trust that when they give, they experience blessings that include not only material provision but also spiritual growth and joy (2 Corinthians 9:8–11). The faithful act of giving draws hearts closer to God, aligns priorities with His kingdom, and fosters a posture of humility.

Conclusion

From Genesis onward, the Bible consistently presents tithes and offerings as an expression of faith, obedience, and gratitude. While the Old Testament sets forth a clear structure for tithing, New Testament teaching encourages believers to give generously from the heart. This dual emphasis illustrates that giving is grounded in devotion to God. It also meets practical needs for worship, ministry, and benevolence.

In every era, the practice of tithes and offerings remains an opportunity to honor the One who provides all things, to cultivate a spirit of worship and compassion, and to demonstrate a reliance on heavenly rather than earthly riches.