2 Kings 13:3

So the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He delivered them continually into the hands of Hazael king of Aram and his son Ben-hadad.

Study Bible

So the anger of the LORD burned against Israel
This phrase indicates God's righteous indignation towards Israel due to their persistent idolatry and disobedience. The anger of the LORD is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, often resulting from Israel's failure to uphold the covenant established at Sinai (Exodus 19-24). The burning anger signifies not just displeasure but an active response to sin, reflecting God's holiness and justice. This divine anger is not arbitrary but a consequence of Israel's actions, as seen in Deuteronomy 29:24-28, where the covenant curses are outlined.

and He delivered them continually into the hands of Hazael king of Aram
The phrase "delivered them continually" suggests a prolonged period of subjugation and suffering. Hazael, king of Aram (modern-day Syria), was a formidable adversary of Israel. His rise to power was foretold by the prophet Elisha in 2 Kings 8:12-13, indicating God's sovereignty over nations and leaders. The historical context shows that Hazael's campaigns against Israel were part of a broader geopolitical struggle in the region, with Aram frequently clashing with Israel over territory and influence. This delivery into Hazael's hands is a fulfillment of the covenant curses for disobedience (Leviticus 26:17).

and his son Ben-hadad
Ben-hadad, the son of Hazael, continued his father's aggressive policies against Israel. The name Ben-hadad was a dynastic title used by several Aramean kings, similar to the use of "Pharaoh" in Egypt. This continuity of oppression under both Hazael and Ben-hadad underscores the severity of Israel's plight and the enduring consequences of their sin. The historical records, including the Assyrian inscriptions, corroborate the existence of these kings and their military campaigns, providing archaeological evidence of the biblical narrative. The ongoing conflict with Aram serves as a backdrop for God's eventual deliverance of Israel, highlighting His mercy and faithfulness despite their unfaithfulness.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The LORD
The God of Israel, whose anger is kindled against His people due to their disobedience and idolatry.

2. Israel
The Northern Kingdom, which is experiencing God's judgment because of their continued sin and rebellion.

3. Hazael
The king of Aram (Syria), who becomes an instrument of God's judgment against Israel.

4. Ben-hadad
The son of Hazael, who continues his father's role in oppressing Israel.

5. Aram (Syria)
The nation used by God to discipline Israel, highlighting the geopolitical dynamics of the time.

Teaching Points

God's Righteous Anger
God's anger is not arbitrary but is a response to sin and rebellion. Understanding His holiness helps us grasp the seriousness of sin.

Divine Discipline
God uses various means, including other nations, to discipline His people. This discipline is meant to bring about repentance and restoration.

The Consequences of Idolatry
Israel's suffering under foreign oppression is a direct result of their idolatry, reminding us of the dangers of placing anything above God.

God's Sovereignty in Judgment
Even in judgment, God is sovereign, using nations and leaders to accomplish His purposes. This reassures us of His control over world events.

Hope for Repentance
Despite the severity of judgment, God's ultimate desire is for His people to return to Him, offering hope for restoration.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the anger of the LORD in 2 Kings 13:3 reflect His character as described in other parts of the Bible?

2. In what ways can we see the principle of divine discipline in our own lives, and how should we respond to it?

3. How does the oppression of Israel by Hazael and Ben-hadad serve as a warning against idolatry in our modern context?

4. What does the use of foreign nations as instruments of God's judgment teach us about His sovereignty over world affairs?

5. How can we find hope and encouragement in the midst of God's discipline, both personally and as a community of believers?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 28
This chapter outlines the blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience, providing a backdrop for understanding why Israel faces judgment.

Judges 2
Similar cycles of sin, oppression, repentance, and deliverance are seen in the history of Israel, illustrating God's consistent response to His people's actions.

2 Kings 8
The rise of Hazael as king of Aram is detailed, showing the fulfillment of God's word through the prophet Elisha.

Psalm 106
This psalm recounts Israel's repeated rebellion and God's mercy, offering a broader theological context for understanding 2 Kings 13:3.

Hebrews 12
Discusses God's discipline as a sign of His love, providing a New Testament perspective on divine correction.