2 Kings 15:27

In the fifty-second year of Azariah's reign over Judah, Pekah son of Remaliah became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria twenty years.

Study Bible

In the fifty-second year of Azariah’s reign over Judah
This phrase situates the events within a specific historical context, emphasizing the synchrony between the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Azariah, also known as Uzziah, was a king of Judah whose reign is noted for both prosperity and eventual downfall due to pride (2 Chronicles 26). The fifty-second year marks a long reign, suggesting stability in Judah, which contrasts with the turmoil in Israel. The Hebrew root for "Azariah" means "Yahweh has helped," reflecting the divine favor initially present in his reign.

Pekah son of Remaliah
Pekah's identity is tied to his father, Remaliah, which is a common biblical practice to establish lineage and legitimacy. Pekah was a military officer before seizing the throne, indicating a period of political instability and intrigue in Israel. His name, derived from the Hebrew root "paqach," means "to open" or "to be open-eyed," possibly suggesting vigilance or insight, though his reign was marked by idolatry and conflict.

became king of Israel
This phrase marks a significant transition in leadership. The northern kingdom of Israel was characterized by frequent changes in leadership, often through violent means. Pekah's ascension to the throne was no exception, as he assassinated the previous king, Pekahiah (2 Kings 15:25). This reflects the broader theme of Israel's spiritual decline and political instability, as they strayed from the covenant with God.

and he reigned in Samaria
Samaria was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel, established by King Omri (1 Kings 16:24). It was a center of idolatry and political power, often in conflict with the prophetic voices calling for repentance. The city's archaeological remains reveal a blend of cultures and influences, indicative of Israel's alliances and syncretism, which were condemned by the prophets.

twenty years
Pekah's two-decade reign was relatively long for a king of Israel during this tumultuous period. However, it was marked by significant challenges, including the rise of Assyrian power and internal strife. The duration of his reign suggests a measure of political acumen, yet ultimately, his failure to lead Israel back to covenant faithfulness led to further decline. The number twenty in biblical numerology can symbolize a period of waiting or testing, reflecting the ongoing spiritual and political trials faced by Israel.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Azariah (Uzziah)
King of Judah during whose reign Pekah became king of Israel. Azariah is noted for his long reign and his initial faithfulness to God, though he later fell into sin.

2. Pekah son of Remaliah
Became king of Israel and reigned in Samaria for twenty years. His reign was marked by idolatry and political instability.

3. Samaria
The capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, where Pekah reigned. It was a center of idolatrous worship and political intrigue.

4. Israel (Northern Kingdom)
The kingdom over which Pekah ruled. It was characterized by a series of short-lived dynasties and frequent conflicts with Judah and surrounding nations.

5. Judah (Southern Kingdom)
The kingdom ruled by Azariah, known for its Davidic lineage and occasional periods of religious reform.

Teaching Points

The Consequences of Idolatry
Pekah's reign is a reminder of the dangers of turning away from God. His idolatry led to political instability and eventual downfall. Believers are called to remain faithful to God and avoid the pitfalls of idolatry in all its forms.

The Importance of Godly Leadership
The contrast between Azariah's initial faithfulness and Pekah's idolatry highlights the impact of leadership on a nation. Christians are encouraged to pray for and support leaders who uphold godly values.

Trusting in God's Sovereignty
Despite the chaos and conflict during Pekah's reign, God's sovereign plan was at work. Believers can find comfort in knowing that God is in control, even in turbulent times.

The Role of Prophets
Prophets like Isaiah played a crucial role in guiding and warning the people. Christians should value and heed the teachings of Scripture, which serve as a prophetic voice in our lives today.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Pekah's reign reflect the spiritual state of Israel during this period, and what lessons can we learn about the consequences of idolatry?

2. In what ways does the political instability in Israel during Pekah's reign serve as a warning for modern societies?

3. How can we apply the lessons from Azariah's and Pekah's leadership to our own roles in leadership, whether in the church, community, or family?

4. What does the involvement of prophets like Isaiah during this time teach us about the importance of seeking and listening to God's guidance?

5. How can we trust in God's sovereignty and remain faithful during times of political or personal turmoil, drawing from the experiences of Israel and Judah?

Connections to Other Scriptures

2 Kings 15:29
This verse describes the consequences of Pekah's reign, including the Assyrian invasion, which highlights the political instability and divine judgment on Israel.

Isaiah 7:1-9
This passage provides a prophetic context during Pekah's reign, where Isaiah speaks to King Ahaz of Judah about the threat posed by Pekah and Rezin of Aram.

2 Chronicles 28:5-6
Chronicles the military defeats suffered by Judah at the hands of Pekah, illustrating the broader conflict between Israel and Judah.