Daniel 11:21

In his place a despicable person will arise; royal honors will not be given to him, but he will come in a time of peace and seize the kingdom by intrigue.

Study Bible

In his place
This phrase indicates a transition of power, suggesting a change in leadership or authority. In the historical context of the Book of Daniel, this refers to the succession of rulers in the Seleucid Empire. The Hebrew word used here, "כַּנּוֹ" (kanno), implies a direct replacement, emphasizing the continuity of the prophetic narrative. This transition is not just political but also spiritual, as it reflects the ongoing struggle between good and evil, a theme prevalent throughout the book of Daniel.

a despicable person
The Hebrew word "נִבְזֶה" (nivzeh) is used here, meaning someone who is despised or contemptible. This description is fitting for Antiochus IV Epiphanes, a historical figure known for his tyrannical and blasphemous actions against the Jewish people. From a spiritual perspective, this character embodies the antithesis of godly leadership, serving as a warning against those who rise to power through deceit and moral corruption.

will arise
The phrase suggests an unexpected or sudden emergence. The Hebrew verb "עָמַד" (amad) conveys the idea of standing up or establishing oneself. This reflects the unforeseen nature of Antiochus IV's rise to power, as he was not the rightful heir. Spiritually, it serves as a reminder of the unpredictable nature of evil and the importance of vigilance in maintaining faith and righteousness.

on whom the royal honor has not been conferred
This highlights the illegitimacy of the ruler's claim to the throne. The Hebrew phrase "וְלֹא נָתְנוּ עָלָיו הוֹד מַלְכוּת" (velo natnu alav hod malkut) indicates that this person did not receive the kingdom through rightful means. Historically, Antiochus IV seized power through manipulation and deceit. This serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of ambition unchecked by moral integrity and the divine order.

He will come in a time of peace
The phrase suggests a period of false security or complacency. The Hebrew "בְּשַׁלְוָה" (beshalvah) implies tranquility or ease, which Antiochus exploited to gain control. This reflects the spiritual danger of letting one's guard down, as evil often strikes when least expected. It underscores the need for constant spiritual readiness and discernment.

and seize the kingdom by intrigue
The word "בַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת" (bachalaklakot) refers to flattery, smoothness, or deceit. Antiochus IV's rise to power was marked by cunning and manipulation rather than force. This serves as a powerful reminder of the subtlety of sin and the importance of wisdom and discernment in leadership. It also highlights the ultimate sovereignty of God, who allows such events to unfold for His greater purpose, even when human actions seem to defy His will.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Despicable Person
This refers to a contemptible individual who rises to power through deceit and manipulation rather than through legitimate means. Historically, this is often associated with Antiochus IV Epiphanes, a Seleucid king known for his cunning and oppressive rule over Israel.

2. Royal Honors
These are the traditional accolades and recognition given to a legitimate heir or ruler. The passage indicates that this person will not receive these honors, suggesting an illegitimate or unconventional rise to power.

3. Kingdom
The realm or territory over which this despicable person will rule. In the historical context, this refers to the Seleucid Empire, which included parts of the Middle East, including Israel.

4. Intrigue
This term refers to the use of deceit, cunning, and manipulation to achieve one's goals. The original Hebrew word "??l?q" implies smoothness or flattery, indicating the subtle and deceptive methods used by this ruler.

5. Peaceably
The manner in which this person comes to power, suggesting a lack of open conflict or warfare initially. This reflects the deceptive nature of his rise, as he gains control through manipulation rather than force.

Teaching Points

The Danger of Deception
This passage warns against the seductive power of deceit and manipulation. Believers must be vigilant and discerning, grounded in truth to avoid being led astray by those who use intrigue to gain influence.

Illegitimate Power
The rise of the despicable person without royal honors highlights the importance of legitimate authority. Christians are called to respect and uphold rightful leadership and to be wary of those who seek power through unethical means.

Peaceful Appearances Can Be Deceptive
The initial peaceful approach of the despicable person serves as a reminder that not all that appears calm and benign is trustworthy. Believers should seek wisdom and discernment to see beyond surface appearances.

God's Sovereignty Over Human Affairs
Despite the rise of deceitful rulers, God remains in control. This passage encourages believers to trust in God's ultimate plan and justice, even when evil seems to prevail temporarily.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the description of the "despicable person" in Daniel 11:21 challenge us to discern the character of leaders today?

2. In what ways can we guard ourselves against being deceived by those who use intrigue and manipulation?

3. How does the rise of the despicable person without royal honors reflect the importance of legitimate authority in our lives?

4. What are some modern examples of situations where peaceful appearances were deceptive, and how can we apply biblical wisdom to discern them?

5. How does understanding God's sovereignty in the rise and fall of leaders encourage us in times of political or social uncertainty?

Connections to Other Scriptures

2 Thessalonians 2:3-4
This passage speaks of the "man of lawlessness" who exalts himself and deceives many, drawing a parallel to the deceitful rise of the despicable person in Daniel 11:21.

Revelation 13:1-8
The description of the beast rising from the sea, who gains power through deception and blasphemy, mirrors the cunning rise of the despicable person in Daniel.

Proverbs 6:16-19
Lists things the Lord hates, including a lying tongue and a heart that devises wicked schemes, which are characteristics of the despicable person in Daniel 11:21.