Exodus 1:2
Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah;
Reuben
Reuben is the firstborn son of Jacob and Leah, making him the eldest of the twelve tribes of Israel. His birth is recorded in Genesis 29:32. Reuben's name means "behold, a son," reflecting Leah's hope for Jacob's affection. Reuben's actions, such as sleeping with Bilhah, his father's concubine (Genesis 35:22), led to the loss of his birthright, which was later given to Joseph's sons (1 Chronicles 5:1-2). Reuben's tribe settled east of the Jordan River, in a region known for its pastoral lands, which aligns with the tribe's reputation for being shepherds.

Simeon
Simeon is the second son of Jacob and Leah. His name means "heard," as Leah believed God heard her plight (Genesis 29:33). Simeon, along with his brother Levi, is known for the violent act against the city of Shechem in retaliation for the defilement of their sister Dinah (Genesis 34). This act led to Jacob's curse on their anger (Genesis 49:5-7). The tribe of Simeon eventually became absorbed into the tribe of Judah, losing its distinct identity, which is reflected in the blessing of Moses where Simeon is not mentioned (Deuteronomy 33).

Levi
Levi is the third son of Jacob and Leah. His name means "attached," as Leah hoped Jacob would become attached to her (Genesis 29:34). Levi, like Simeon, was involved in the massacre at Shechem. However, the tribe of Levi was later set apart for priestly duties, as seen in Exodus 32:26-29, where the Levites stood with Moses against idolatry. This tribe did not receive a territorial inheritance like the others but was given cities throughout Israel (Numbers 35:1-8). The Levitical priesthood is a type of Christ, who is our High Priest (Hebrews 4:14-16).

Judah
Judah is the fourth son of Jacob and Leah. His name means "praise," as Leah praised the Lord at his birth (Genesis 29:35). Judah's leadership qualities are evident in his role in the story of Joseph, where he offers himself as a substitute for Benjamin (Genesis 44:18-34). The tribe of Judah became the most prominent, producing King David and ultimately Jesus Christ, fulfilling the prophecy of the scepter not departing from Judah (Genesis 49:10). Judah's territory included Jerusalem, the future capital of Israel, and the center of Jewish worship.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Reuben
The firstborn son of Jacob and Leah. Reuben's birth is significant as he was the first of the twelve tribes of Israel. His actions and decisions throughout Genesis reflect both leadership and moral challenges.

2. Simeon
The second son of Jacob and Leah. Simeon is known for his role in the violent response to the defilement of his sister Dinah, which had lasting implications for his tribe.

3. Levi
The third son of Jacob and Leah. Levi's descendants became the priestly tribe, set apart for religious duties and service to God, despite Levi's earlier violent actions alongside Simeon.

4. Judah
The fourth son of Jacob and Leah. Judah's lineage is significant as it leads to King David and ultimately to Jesus Christ, highlighting the theme of redemption and leadership.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Birth Order and Responsibility
Reuben, as the firstborn, had a unique position and responsibility. Reflect on how birth order and family roles can influence one's life and decisions.

Consequences of Actions
Simeon and Levi's actions in Genesis 34 remind us that our choices have lasting impacts. Consider how our decisions today can affect future generations.

Redemption and Leadership
Judah's account is one of redemption, as he moves from questionable actions to becoming a leader among his brothers. This highlights God's ability to use imperfect people for His purposes.

Priestly Calling and Service
Levi's descendants were set apart for priestly duties. Reflect on how God calls each of us to serve in unique ways, regardless of our past.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the birth order of Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah influence their roles and responsibilities within the family of Jacob?

2. In what ways do the actions of Simeon and Levi in Genesis 34 impact their future and the future of their descendants?

3. How does Judah's transformation throughout Genesis illustrate the theme of redemption, and how can this be applied to our own lives?

4. What lessons can we learn from the tribe of Levi's transition from violence to a priestly calling, and how can this inform our understanding of God's grace and calling?

5. How does the genealogy of Jesus in Matthew 1, which includes Judah, demonstrate the fulfillment of God's promises, and what does this mean for our faith today?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 29-30
These chapters provide the background of the births of Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, offering insight into the family dynamics and God's unfolding plan for the tribes of Israel.

Genesis 34
The account of Simeon and Levi's response to Dinah's defilement, which shows the complexity of their characters and the consequences of their actions.

Genesis 49
Jacob's blessings and prophecies over his sons, which include significant insights into the future roles and destinies of Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah.

Matthew 1
The genealogy of Jesus, which traces His lineage through Judah, emphasizing the fulfillment of God's promises and the importance of Judah's line.
Egypt a Type of the WorldJ. M. Gibson, D. D.Exodus 1:1-5
God's Knowledge of Man's Domestic LifeJ. S. Exell, M. A.Exodus 1:1-5
Israel in EgyptD. C. Hughes, M. A.Exodus 1:1-5
Israel in EgyptC. M. Southgate.Exodus 1:1-5
Making HistoryH. C. Trumbull.Exodus 1:1-5
The Twelve FoundationsJ. Orr Exodus 1:1-6
Tarry Thou the Lord's LeisureG.A. Goodhart Exodus 1:1-7
The Prosperity of IsraelD. Young Exodus 1:1-22
People
Asher, Benjamin, Dan, Egyptians, Gad, Israelites, Issachar, Jacob, Joseph, Levi, Naphtali, Pharaoh, Puah, Reuben, Shiphrah, Simeon, Zebulun
Places
Egypt, Nile River, Pithom, Ramses
Topics
Judah, Levi, Reuben, Simeon
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Exodus 1:1-5

     5096   Jacob, patriarch

Exodus 1:1-7

     7266   tribes of Israel

Library
Four Shaping Centuries
'Now these are the names of the children of Israel, which came into Egypt: every man and his household came with Jacob. 2. Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, 3. Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin, 4. Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher. 5. And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls: for Joseph was in Egypt already. 6. And Joseph died, and all his brethren, and all that generation. 7, And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Death and Growth
'And Joseph died, and all his brethren, and all that generation. 7. And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty....'--EXODUS i. 6, 7. These remarkable words occur in a short section which makes the link between the Books of Genesis and of Exodus. The writer recapitulates the list of the immigrants into Egypt, in the household of Jacob, and then, as it were, having got them there, he clears the stage to prepare for a new set of actors.
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Prosperity under Persecution
Of this general principle we shall now proceed to consider three special illustrations. First, the circumstances of the children of Israel; secondly, the history of the church of Christ; thirdly, the experience of individual Christians. I. IN THE CASE OF ISRAEL, it did seem to be a deep-laid plot, very politic and crafty indeed, that as the kings of Egypt, themselves of an alien race, had subdued the Egyptians, they should prevent the other alien race, the Israelites, from conquering them. Instead
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 17: 1871

But, as for that which is Written, that God did Good to the Hebrew...
32. But, as for that which is written, that God did good to the Hebrew midwives, and to Rahab the harlot of Jericho, [2444] this was not because they lied, but because they were merciful to God's people. That therefore which was rewarded in them was, not their deceit, but their benevolence; benignity of mind, not iniquity of lying. [2445] For, as it would not be marvellous and absurd if God on account of good works after done by them should be willing to forgive some evil works at another time before
St. Augustine—Against Lying

There is a Great Question About Lying, which Often Arises in the Midst Of...
1. There is a great question about Lying, which often arises in the midst of our every day business, and gives us much trouble, that we may not either rashly call that a lie which is not such, or decide that it is sometimes right to tell a lie, that is, a kind of honest, well-meant, charitable lie. This question we will painfully discuss by seeking with them that seek: whether to any good purpose, we need not take upon ourselves to affirm, for the attentive reader will sufficiently gather from the
St. Augustine—On Lying

The Secret of Its Greatness
[Illustration: (drop cap G) The Great Pyramid] God always chooses the right kind of people to do His work. Not only so, He always gives to those whom He chooses just the sort of life which will best prepare them for the work He will one day call them to do. That is why God put it into the heart of Pharaoh's daughter to bring up Moses as her own son in the Egyptian palace. The most important part of Moses' training was that his heart should be right with God, and therefore he was allowed to remain
Mildred Duff—The Bible in its Making

The Wisdom of God
The next attribute is God's wisdom, which is one of the brightest beams of the Godhead. He is wise in heart.' Job 9:9. The heart is the seat of wisdom. Cor in Hebraeo sumitur pro judicio. Pineda. Among the Hebrews, the heart is put for wisdom.' Let men of understanding tell me:' Job 34:44: in the Hebrew, Let men of heart tell me.' God is wise in heart, that is, he is most wise. God only is wise; he solely and wholly possesses all wisdom; therefore he is called, the only wise God.' I Tim 1:17. All
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Appeal to the Christian Women of the South
BY A.E. GRIMKE. "Then Mordecai commanded to answer Esther, Think not within thyself that thou shalt escape in the king's house more than all the Jews. For if thou altogether holdest thy peace at this time, then shall there enlargement and deliverance arise to the Jews from another place: but thou and thy father's house shall be destroyed: and who knoweth whether thou art come to the kingdom for such a time as this. And Esther bade them return Mordecai this answer:--and so will I go in unto the king,
Angelina Emily Grimke—An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South

Exodus
The book of Exodus--so named in the Greek version from the march of Israel out of Egypt--opens upon a scene of oppression very different from the prosperity and triumph in which Genesis had closed. Israel is being cruelly crushed by the new dynasty which has arisen in Egypt (i.) and the story of the book is the story of her redemption. Ultimately it is Israel's God that is her redeemer, but He operates largely by human means; and the first step is the preparation of a deliverer, Moses, whose parentage,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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