And the word of the LORD came to me, saying,
*Biblical Context:* This phrase is a common introduction in the prophetic books, indicating that the message is divinely inspired. It emphasizes the authority and authenticity of the prophecy that follows. Ezekiel, a prophet during the Babylonian exile, often received direct communication from God, which he then conveyed to the people of Israel.

*Historical and Cultural Context:* Ezekiel was among the Jewish exiles in Babylon after the first deportation in 597 BC. The phrase underscores the belief that even in exile, God continued to communicate with His people through His prophets. This was a time of great turmoil and uncertainty for the Israelites, and the role of the prophet was crucial in providing guidance and hope.

*Connections to Other Scripture:* Similar phrases are found throughout the Old Testament, particularly in the books of the prophets (e.g., Jeremiah 1:4, Isaiah 1:1). This consistency highlights the continuity of God's revelation to His chosen messengers. It also connects to the New Testament, where the Word becomes flesh in Jesus Christ (John 1:14), showing the ultimate revelation of God to humanity.

*Prophecy:* The phrase introduces a prophetic message that often includes warnings, judgments, or promises. In Ezekiel's context, it frequently involved warnings of impending judgment due to Israel's idolatry and unfaithfulness. This particular chapter (Ezekiel 6) deals with the judgment against the mountains of Israel, symbolizing the high places where idolatry was practiced.

*Types of Jesus Christ:* While this specific phrase does not directly typify Christ, the concept of the "word of the LORD" can be seen as a precursor to the ultimate revelation of God through Jesus. In the New Testament, Jesus is described as the Word (Logos) of God, embodying the full expression of God's will and character (John 1:1).

*Geographical and Archaeological Insights:* The message that follows this introduction is directed towards the "mountains of Israel," which were significant in the ancient Near Eastern context as places of worship and idolatry. Archaeological findings have uncovered numerous high places and altars, confirming the biblical accounts of widespread idolatry that Ezekiel and other prophets condemned. Son of man
This title, used frequently in Ezekiel, emphasizes the prophet's humanity and his role as a representative of the people. It is a reminder of the distinction between God and man, highlighting Ezekiel's position as a mediator. The term "Son of Man" is also significant in the New Testament, where it is used by Jesus to refer to Himself, emphasizing His incarnation and role as the Messiah.

set your face against
This phrase indicates a deliberate and resolute opposition. It suggests a divine command for Ezekiel to confront the object of God's judgment with determination. The act of setting one's face is symbolic of unwavering commitment to deliver God's message, regardless of opposition or difficulty.

the mountains of Israel
The mountains symbolize the high places where idolatry was often practiced in ancient Israel. These locations were significant in the cultural and religious life of the Israelites, often associated with pagan worship and altars. The mountains also represent the entire land of Israel, indicating that the prophecy is directed towards the nation as a whole. This geographical reference underscores the widespread nature of the idolatry and the comprehensive scope of God's judgment.

and prophesy against them
Ezekiel is commanded to deliver a message of judgment. Prophecy in this context is not merely foretelling the future but is a declaration of God's will and purpose. The act of prophesying against the mountains signifies God's condemnation of the idolatrous practices taking place there. This command reflects the role of the prophet as God's mouthpiece, tasked with calling the people to repentance and warning them of impending judgment.

You are to say:
This phrase indicates a direct command from God to the prophet Ezekiel. It emphasizes the role of the prophet as a messenger who must faithfully deliver God's message to the people. Prophets in the Old Testament often served as intermediaries between God and Israel, conveying divine warnings, judgments, and promises.

‘O mountains of Israel,
The mountains of Israel symbolize the entire land and its people. Mountains often represent stability and permanence in biblical literature. However, they also serve as locations for idolatrous worship, which is a central issue in this passage. The address to the mountains underscores the seriousness of the message, as the land itself is called to witness God's judgment.

hear the word of the Lord GOD!
This call to hear signifies the importance and authority of the message. In Hebrew culture, hearing implies obedience. The phrase "the word of the Lord GOD" highlights the divine origin of the message, emphasizing that it is not Ezekiel's own words but those of the sovereign Lord.

This is what the Lord GOD says to the mountains and hills,
The repetition of "the Lord GOD" underscores the authority and certainty of the message. The mention of "mountains and hills" again points to the geographical features of Israel, which were often sites of pagan worship. This reflects the widespread nature of idolatry in the land.

to the ravines and valleys:
Ravines and valleys, like mountains and hills, are part of the natural landscape of Israel. They are included to show that no part of the land is exempt from God's judgment. These areas were also sometimes used for idol worship, further justifying the comprehensive nature of the coming judgment.

I am about to bring a sword against you,
The "sword" is a metaphor for war and destruction. It signifies impending judgment and the use of foreign nations as instruments of God's wrath. Historically, this refers to the Babylonian invasion, which was a fulfillment of God's warning through Ezekiel.

and I will destroy your high places.
High places were elevated sites used for worship, often associated with idolatry and pagan rituals. The destruction of these sites symbolizes the eradication of false worship and the restoration of true worship of Yahweh. This action is both a judgment against idolatry and a call to return to covenant faithfulness.

Your altars will be demolished
This phrase refers to the altars used for idol worship in ancient Israel. In the context of Ezekiel, God is pronouncing judgment on the Israelites for their idolatry. Altars were central to worship practices, and their destruction symbolizes the end of false worship. Historically, altars were often built on high places, which were condemned by God (2 Kings 23:8). The demolition of these altars signifies God's rejection of the people's unfaithfulness and a call to return to true worship.

and your incense altars will be smashed
Incense altars were used to burn incense as an offering to deities, a practice common in many ancient Near Eastern religions. The smashing of these altars indicates the futility of worshiping idols and the impending judgment. Incense is often associated with prayer and worship (Psalm 141:2), and its misuse in idol worship is a direct affront to God. This act of destruction serves as a warning against the syncretism that had infiltrated Israelite worship.

and I will cast down your slain before your idols
This phrase highlights the severity of God's judgment. The slain being cast down before idols underscores the impotence of these false gods to save or protect their worshipers. It is a vivid image of the consequences of idolatry, where the very objects of trust become witnesses to the people's downfall. This echoes the futility of idol worship seen in other scriptures, such as Isaiah 44:9-20, where idols are depicted as powerless. The casting down of the slain also serves as a grim reminder of the covenant curses outlined in Deuteronomy 28 for disobedience to God's commands.

I will lay the corpses of the Israelites before their idols
This phrase indicates a direct judgment from God against the Israelites for their idolatry. In the historical context, Israel had repeatedly turned to idol worship, despite God's commandments against it (Exodus 20:3-5). The imagery of corpses before idols underscores the futility and powerlessness of these false gods. Archaeological findings in ancient Israelite sites have uncovered altars and idols, confirming the prevalence of idol worship. This judgment serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of turning away from God. Theologically, it reflects the principle that sin leads to death (Romans 6:23).

and scatter your bones around your altars
The scattering of bones around altars signifies a desecration of these places of false worship. In ancient Near Eastern culture, proper burial was crucial, and the scattering of bones was a sign of disgrace and divine judgment. This act would render the altars unclean, emphasizing the defilement caused by idolatry. Theologically, this can be seen as a fulfillment of the covenant curses outlined in Deuteronomy 28, where disobedience leads to devastation and exile. This imagery also foreshadows the ultimate judgment and cleansing that would come through Jesus Christ, who would purify and restore true worship (John 4:23-24).

Wherever you live, the cities will be laid waste
This phrase indicates the comprehensive nature of the judgment. The cities of Israel, once thriving centers of life and commerce, will face destruction. This reflects the consequences of the people's idolatry and rebellion against God. Historically, this prophecy was fulfilled during the Babylonian invasion, which led to widespread devastation. The destruction of cities symbolizes the loss of security and community, emphasizing the severity of divine judgment.

and the high places will be demolished
High places were sites of worship often located on elevated terrain. They were originally intended for the worship of Yahweh but became centers for idolatrous practices. The demolition of these sites signifies the end of false worship and the cleansing of the land from pagan influences. This aligns with God's command in Deuteronomy 12:2-3 to destroy all places where other nations served their gods.

so that your altars will be laid waste and desecrated
Altars were central to worship and sacrifice. The desecration of altars indicates the nullification of Israel's religious practices due to their corruption. This act serves as a divine response to the people's unfaithfulness, as they had defiled these altars with offerings to false gods. The desecration underscores the futility of worship that is not directed toward the true God.

your idols smashed and obliterated
Idols represent the tangible manifestation of Israel's spiritual adultery. The smashing and obliteration of idols demonstrate God's power over false gods and His intolerance for idolatry. This echoes the first two commandments, which prohibit the making and worship of idols. The destruction of idols is a call to return to exclusive worship of Yahweh.

your incense altars cut down
Incense altars were used in religious rituals, often associated with prayers and offerings to deities. Cutting down these altars signifies the end of unauthorized worship practices. It reflects God's desire for purity in worship, as incense was meant to be a pleasing aroma to Him alone, as seen in Exodus 30:34-38.

and your works blotted out
The phrase "your works" refers to the deeds and practices associated with idolatry and false worship. Being "blotted out" suggests total eradication, leaving no trace of the sinful practices. This aligns with the biblical theme of divine judgment leading to purification and restoration. It also foreshadows the ultimate redemption and restoration through Christ, who blots out transgressions and offers new life.

The slain will fall among you
This phrase indicates a direct consequence of the Israelites' idolatry and rebellion against God. The context is a prophecy of judgment against Israel for their persistent sin, particularly idol worship. Historically, this refers to the Babylonian invasion and the subsequent destruction of Jerusalem, where many Israelites were killed. The imagery of the slain falling among the people serves as a stark reminder of the seriousness of turning away from God. It echoes the covenant curses outlined in Leviticus 26:17 and Deuteronomy 28:25, where God warns of defeat and death as a result of disobedience.

and you will know that I am the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the purpose behind the judgment: to bring the people back to the recognition of God's sovereignty and holiness. Throughout the book of Ezekiel, this refrain is repeated to stress that the ultimate goal of God's actions is to reveal His identity and authority to His people. It is a call to repentance and acknowledgment of God as the one true God. This theme is consistent with other prophetic books, such as Isaiah and Jeremiah, where God's actions are intended to lead His people to a deeper understanding and relationship with Him. The phrase also foreshadows the New Covenant, where through Jesus Christ, people come to know God personally and intimately, as seen in John 17:3.

Yet I will leave a remnant
The concept of a remnant is a recurring theme throughout the Bible, signifying God's mercy and faithfulness despite judgment. In the context of Ezekiel, the remnant refers to those Israelites who will survive the impending destruction and exile. This idea is rooted in God's covenant promises, as seen in passages like Isaiah 10:20-22 and Romans 11:5, where a faithful remnant is preserved to continue God's purposes. Theologically, the remnant represents hope and the continuation of God's plan for His people.

for some of you will escape the sword
The "sword" symbolizes the judgment and destruction that will come upon Israel due to their idolatry and rebellion. Historically, this refers to the Babylonian invasion and the subsequent exile. The escape of some from the sword indicates God's selective preservation of His people, ensuring that not all will be lost. This echoes the deliverance seen in other biblical narratives, such as the Passover in Exodus, where God spares His chosen ones.

when you are scattered among the nations
The scattering among the nations is a direct consequence of Israel's disobedience, fulfilling the warnings given in Leviticus 26:33 and Deuteronomy 28:64. This dispersion, known as the Diaspora, serves both as punishment and as a means for God to purify and refine His people. It also sets the stage for the eventual gathering and restoration prophesied in passages like Ezekiel 11:16-17 and Jeremiah 31:10.

and throughout the lands
The phrase "throughout the lands" emphasizes the extent of the dispersion, indicating that the Israelites will be spread far and wide. This widespread scattering serves as a backdrop for the future ingathering and restoration of Israel, as seen in Ezekiel 37:21-22. It also foreshadows the global spread of the Gospel, where the message of salvation reaches all nations, fulfilling the Abrahamic promise that all peoples on earth will be blessed through his descendants (Genesis 12:3).

Then in the nations to which they have been carried captive
This phrase refers to the Babylonian exile, a significant event in Israel's history where the people were taken from their homeland as a consequence of their disobedience to God. The exile served as both punishment and a means of purification. The dispersion among the nations fulfilled earlier prophecies (Deuteronomy 28:64) and demonstrated God's sovereignty over all nations. It also foreshadows the New Testament concept of believers as sojourners in a foreign land (1 Peter 2:11).

your survivors will remember Me
The act of remembering God signifies a return to covenant faithfulness. In exile, the Israelites would reflect on their relationship with God, leading to repentance. This remembrance is a theme throughout Scripture, emphasizing the importance of recalling God's past deeds and promises (Psalm 77:11). It also points to the hope of restoration and renewal, as seen in the return from exile and ultimately in the redemptive work of Christ.

how I have been grieved by their adulterous hearts that turned away from Me
This phrase highlights God's personal and emotional response to Israel's unfaithfulness, likened to spiritual adultery. The imagery of adultery is used throughout the prophets to describe Israel's idolatry and covenant unfaithfulness (Jeremiah 3:6-10). It underscores the seriousness of idolatry and the pain it causes God, who desires an exclusive relationship with His people. This reflects the New Testament teaching of the Church as the bride of Christ (Ephesians 5:25-27).

and by their eyes that lusted after idols
The eyes symbolize desire and covetousness, leading to idolatry. This phrase indicates the Israelites' attraction to the pagan practices of surrounding nations, which led them away from God. The warning against idolatry is a recurring theme in Scripture, emphasizing the need to guard one's heart and eyes (Matthew 6:22-23). It also serves as a reminder of the first commandment, to have no other gods before the Lord (Exodus 20:3).

So they will loathe themselves for the evil they have done and for all their abominations
This self-loathing is a sign of genuine repentance and acknowledgment of sin. The recognition of their abominations, or detestable practices, is crucial for restoration. This mirrors the process of repentance described in the New Testament, where godly sorrow leads to salvation (2 Corinthians 7:10). It also points to the transformative power of God's grace, which enables believers to turn from sin and seek holiness.

And they will know that I am the LORD;
This phrase emphasizes the recognition of God's sovereignty and authority. Throughout the book of Ezekiel, the repeated declaration "they will know that I am the LORD" serves as a central theme, underscoring God's desire for His people to acknowledge His power and holiness. This recognition often comes through judgment or deliverance, highlighting God's justice and mercy. The phrase echoes the covenant relationship established in Exodus 6:7, where God promises to be their God and they His people, reinforcing the idea that true knowledge of God involves understanding His character and His rightful place as the sovereign ruler.

I did not declare in vain
This part of the verse assures that God's warnings and prophecies are purposeful and certain. In the context of Ezekiel, God had repeatedly warned Israel through His prophets about the consequences of their idolatry and disobedience. The phrase suggests that God's words are not empty threats but are meant to bring about repentance and transformation. It reflects the biblical principle found in Isaiah 55:11, where God's word is described as accomplishing what He desires and achieving the purpose for which He sent it.

that I would bring this calamity upon them.
The calamity refers to the impending judgment on Israel due to their persistent sin and rebellion. Historically, this judgment manifested in the Babylonian exile, a significant event where Jerusalem was destroyed, and the people were taken captive. This calamity serves as a fulfillment of the covenant curses outlined in Deuteronomy 28, where disobedience would lead to national disaster. Theologically, it underscores the seriousness of sin and the certainty of divine justice. It also foreshadows the ultimate judgment and redemption found in Christ, who bore the calamity of sin on behalf of humanity, offering restoration and hope.

This is what the Lord GOD says:
This phrase emphasizes the divine authority behind the message. It is a common prophetic introduction, underscoring that the words are not Ezekiel's own but are directly from God. This establishes the seriousness and authenticity of the prophecy, aligning with similar introductions in other prophetic books such as Isaiah and Jeremiah.

Clap your hands, stomp your feet, and cry out “Alas!”
These actions symbolize intense emotion and lamentation. Clapping hands and stomping feet were gestures of derision or mourning in ancient Near Eastern cultures. The expression "Alas!" is a cry of woe, indicating deep sorrow or distress. This reflects the gravity of the situation and the impending judgment. Similar expressions of lament are found in Lamentations and other prophetic writings.

because of all the wicked abominations of the house of Israel,
The "wicked abominations" refer to the idolatry and moral corruption prevalent in Israel. This phrase highlights the reason for God's judgment, as Israel had turned away from the covenant and engaged in practices detestable to God. The term "abominations" is often used in the Old Testament to describe idolatry and other sins that provoke God's wrath, as seen in Leviticus and Deuteronomy.

who will fall by sword and famine and plague.
This triad of sword, famine, and plague represents the comprehensive nature of God's judgment. These were common forms of divine retribution in the ancient world, often used by God to discipline His people, as seen in the curses of Deuteronomy 28. The use of these specific judgments underscores the severity of Israel's sin and the certainty of their punishment. This pattern of judgment is also echoed in the book of Revelation, indicating a continuity in how God deals with unrepentant sin throughout biblical history.

He who is far off will die by the plague
This phrase indicates the inescapable nature of God's judgment. The "far off" refers to those Israelites who were exiled or had fled from the immediate vicinity of Jerusalem. The plague is often seen as a divine instrument of judgment, as seen in other parts of the Old Testament (e.g., Numbers 16:46-50). This reflects the comprehensive reach of God's wrath, emphasizing that distance from the epicenter of judgment does not equate to safety. Historically, plagues were common in ancient times and often viewed as acts of divine retribution.

he who is near will fall by the sword
The "near" refers to those who remained in or around Jerusalem. The sword symbolizes warfare and violence, a common method of judgment in the Old Testament. This phrase highlights the immediate and violent nature of the judgment for those who stayed close to the center of rebellion against God. The Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem in 586 BC is a historical fulfillment of this prophecy, where many inhabitants were killed by the sword.

and he who remains will die by famine
Famine is a recurring theme in biblical judgment narratives, often resulting from siege warfare, as seen in 2 Kings 25:3. Those who survived the initial onslaught of the sword would face starvation, a slow and agonizing form of judgment. This reflects the totality of God's judgment, leaving no means of escape for the unrepentant. The siege of Jerusalem by the Babylonians led to severe famine, fulfilling this prophecy.

So I will vent My fury upon them
This phrase underscores the divine origin of the judgment. God's fury is a response to the persistent idolatry and rebellion of the Israelites. The use of "vent" suggests an outpouring of righteous anger, aligning with the prophetic theme of divine retribution found throughout the book of Ezekiel. This judgment serves as a warning and a call to repentance, emphasizing God's holiness and justice. Theologically, it points to the seriousness of sin and the necessity of atonement, which Christians believe is ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ.

Then you will know that I am the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the recurring theme in Ezekiel that God's actions are meant to reveal His identity and sovereignty. The recognition of God as LORD is a central goal of His judgments and blessings. This echoes the covenantal language found throughout the Old Testament, where God desires His people to acknowledge Him as their sole deity (Exodus 6:7, 1 Kings 20:13).

when their slain lie among their idols
The imagery of the slain lying among their idols highlights the futility and impotence of idol worship. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, idols were often seen as protectors, yet here they are powerless to save. This serves as a stark contrast to the living God who has power over life and death (Psalm 115:4-8).

around their altars
Altars were central to worship practices, often used for sacrifices and offerings. The presence of the slain around these altars signifies the judgment upon false worship. This is reminiscent of the showdown between Elijah and the prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel, where the true God demonstrated His power (1 Kings 18:20-40).

on every high hill
High places were commonly used for idol worship in ancient Israel and surrounding nations. These locations were chosen for their elevation, believed to be closer to the divine. The condemnation of these sites is frequent in the Old Testament, as they were often associated with pagan practices (2 Kings 17:10-11).

on all the mountaintops
Mountaintops, like high hills, were seen as sacred spaces in many ancient cultures. The use of these sites for idol worship was a direct violation of God's command to worship Him alone. The judgment upon these places underscores the exclusivity of worship that God demands (Deuteronomy 12:2-3).

and under every green tree and leafy oak
Trees, particularly oaks, were often associated with fertility cults and pagan rituals. The reference to these locations indicates the widespread nature of idolatry among the people. This imagery is used elsewhere in Scripture to describe the pervasive unfaithfulness of Israel (Jeremiah 2:20, Hosea 4:13).

the places where they offered fragrant incense to all their idols
Incense was a common element in worship, symbolizing prayers and offerings to deities. The use of incense in idol worship is condemned as it represents a misdirected devotion that belongs to God alone. This practice is contrasted with the incense offerings prescribed in the worship of Yahweh (Exodus 30:7-9).

I will stretch out My hand against them
This phrase signifies God's active intervention and judgment. In biblical terms, the "hand of God" often represents His power and authority. This imagery is used throughout Scripture to denote divine action, whether in deliverance or judgment (Exodus 7:5, Isaiah 5:25). The stretching out of God's hand against Israel indicates a deliberate act of punishment due to their idolatry and rebellion.

and wherever they live I will make the land a desolate waste
The desolation of the land is a common theme in prophetic literature, symbolizing the consequences of sin and disobedience. This desolation serves as a physical manifestation of spiritual barrenness. Historically, the land of Israel faced invasions and destruction, notably by the Babylonians, which fulfilled these prophecies. The desolation also serves as a warning to future generations about the seriousness of turning away from God.

from the wilderness to Diblah
The mention of "the wilderness to Diblah" indicates the extent of the desolation. The wilderness often refers to the desert regions surrounding Israel, while Diblah is less certain in its geographical identification. Some scholars suggest it may be a textual variant of Riblah, a location in northern Israel. This phrase underscores the totality of the judgment, covering the entire land.

Then they will know that I am the LORD.’”
This concluding phrase emphasizes the purpose of God's judgment: to bring recognition of His sovereignty and holiness. Throughout the book of Ezekiel, this refrain is repeated, highlighting the ultimate goal of divine actions—to lead people to acknowledge and revere God. This acknowledgment is not just intellectual but relational, calling for repentance and renewed faithfulness. The phrase also points to the eschatological hope that all nations will eventually recognize the Lordship of God (Philippians 2:10-11).