Ezra 2:12
the descendants of Azgad, 1,222;
the descendants of Azgad
The phrase "the descendants of Azgad" refers to the lineage or family group that traces its ancestry back to an individual named Azgad. In Hebrew, "Azgad" (אֲזְגָּד) can be understood to mean "strong is Gad" or "Gad is mighty." This name reflects a common practice in ancient Israel of naming individuals in a way that acknowledges the power or attributes of God. The mention of Azgad here is significant as it highlights the continuity of the Israelite community through family lines, even after the Babylonian exile. Historically, the return from exile was a pivotal moment for the Jewish people, as they sought to re-establish their identity and religious practices in Jerusalem. The listing of family names underscores the importance of heritage and the fulfillment of God's promises to preserve His people.

1,222
The specific number "1,222" indicates the count of individuals from the family of Azgad who returned to Jerusalem. Numbers in the Bible often carry symbolic weight, and while this number is primarily a historical record, it also reflects the faithfulness and commitment of a significant group of people to return to their ancestral land. The precision of the number suggests careful record-keeping and the importance of each individual in the collective effort to rebuild the community. This enumeration serves as a testament to the fulfillment of God's promise to bring His people back to their homeland, as prophesied by Jeremiah and other prophets. It also highlights the communal effort required to restore the temple and the city, emphasizing that each person, regardless of their number, played a vital role in the restoration of Israel's spiritual and cultural identity.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Azgad
Azgad is a name that appears in the genealogical records of the Israelites returning from the Babylonian exile. The name Azgad means "strong is Gad" or "Gad is mighty," with Gad being one of the tribes of Israel. The descendants of Azgad were among those who returned to Jerusalem and Judah to rebuild the temple and restore the community.

2. The Return from Exile
This event marks the return of the Jewish exiles from Babylon to Jerusalem following the decree of King Cyrus of Persia. It was a significant moment in Jewish history, symbolizing restoration and renewal.

3. The Census of the Returnees
Ezra 2 is a record of the families and individuals who returned to Jerusalem. This census was important for establishing the community's identity and ensuring that the people were of Israelite descent.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Heritage and Identity
Understanding our spiritual heritage is crucial for our identity as believers. Just as the Israelites valued their lineage, Christians are called to recognize their identity in Christ and the spiritual heritage they have received.

God's Faithfulness in Restoration
The return from exile demonstrates God's faithfulness to His promises. Believers can trust that God will restore and renew them, even after periods of spiritual exile or hardship.

The Role of Community in God's Plan
The census underscores the importance of community in God's redemptive plan. Christians are encouraged to be active members of their faith communities, contributing to the collective mission of the Church.

Obedience to God's Call
The descendants of Azgad responded to the call to return and rebuild. Believers are challenged to be obedient to God's call in their lives, even when it requires sacrifice or stepping into the unknown.
Bible Study Questions
1. What significance does the name "Azgad" hold, and how does it reflect the character or mission of the descendants who returned from exile?

2. How does the return from exile in Ezra 2 parallel the spiritual journey of redemption and restoration in the New Testament?

3. In what ways can understanding our spiritual heritage strengthen our faith and identity as Christians today?

4. How can we apply the principle of community involvement, as seen in the returnees' commitment to rebuilding Jerusalem, to our local church or faith community?

5. Reflect on a time when you felt called to step out in faith. How does the example of the descendants of Azgad encourage you to trust in God's faithfulness and provision?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Nehemiah 7
This chapter provides a parallel account of the returnees, including the descendants of Azgad. It highlights the continuity and consistency in the records of those who returned to Jerusalem.

1 Chronicles 9
Chronicles also lists genealogies and the return of the exiles, emphasizing the importance of lineage and heritage in the restoration of Israel.

Isaiah 11:11-12
This prophecy speaks of the Lord gathering the remnant of His people from various lands, including Babylon, which connects to the return from exile as a fulfillment of God's promise.
Spiritual SignificancesW. Clarkson Ezra 2:1-67
Men Forsaking the Worldly LifeJ.S. Exell Ezra 2:1-70
A Suggestive RecordWilliam Jones.Ezra 2:2-64
Religious ServiceWilliam Jones.Ezra 2:2-64
People
Akkub, Ami, Asaph, Asnah, Ater, Baanah, Bakbuk, Barkos, Barzillai, Bazluth, Besai, Bigvai, Bilshan, Darkon, Delaiah, Gahar, Gazzam, Giddel, Habaiah, Hagab, Hagabah, Hakkoz, Hakupha, Hanan, Harhur, Harsha, Hasupha, Hatipha, Hatita, Hattil, Hezekiah, Hodaviah, Immer, Israelites, Jaalah, Jedaiah, Jeshua, Joab, Jorah, Kadmiel, Keros, Koz, Lebanah, Mehida, Mehunim, Meunim, Mizpar, Mordecai, Nebuchadnezzar, Nehemiah, Nekoda, Nephusim, Neziah, Padon, Pahathmoab, Parosh, Paseah, Pashur, Peruda, Phaseah, Pochereth, Reaiah, Reelaiah, Rehum, Rezin, Seraiah, Shallum, Shalmai, Shephatiah, Shobai, Siaha, Sisera, Solomon, Sophereth, Sotai, Tabbaoth, Talmon, Thamah, Tobiah, Tobijah, Uzza, Zaccai, Zattu, Zerubbabel, Ziha
Places
Ai, Anathoth, Azmaveth, Babylon, Babylonia, Beeroth, Bethel, Bethlehem, Cherub, Geba, Hadid, Immer, Jericho, Jerusalem, Kiriath-arim, Lod, Michmas, Nebo, Netophah, Ono, Ramah, Tel-harsha, Tel-melah
Topics
1, 222, Hundred, Sons, Thousand, Twenty, Twenty-two
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Ezra 2:1-65

     5249   census

Ezra 2:1-67

     7230   genealogies

Library
Altar and Temple
'And when the seventh month was come, and the children of Israel were in the cities, the people gathered themselves together as one man to Jerusalem. 2. Then stood up Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren the priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and his brethren, and builded the altar of the God of Israel, to offer burnt offerings thereon, as it is written in the law of Moses the man of God. 3. And they set the altar upon his bases; for fear was upon them because of the people of those
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Apocalypse.
On the Lit. and life of John, see §§ 40 and 41 (this vol.); on the authorship of the Apoc. and the time of composition, § 37 (this vol.); § 41 (this vol.); and § 84 (this vol.) 1. Modern Critical, works of German and French scholars on the Apocalypse: Lücke (Voltständige Einleitung, etc., 2d ed., 1852; 1,074 pages of introductory matter, critical and historical; compare with it the review of Bleek in the "Studien and Kritiken" for 1854 and 1855); DeWette Com., 1848,
Philip Schaff—History of the Christian Church, Volume I

Barzillai
BY REV. GEORGE MILLIGAN, M.A., D.D. "There is nothing," says Socrates to Cephalus in the Republic, "I like better than conversing with aged men. For I regard them as travellers who have gone a journey which I too may have to go, and of whom it is right to learn the character of the way, whether it is rugged or difficult, or smooth and easy" (p. 328 E.). It is to such an aged traveller that we are introduced in the person of Barzillai the Gileadite. And though he is one of the lesser-known characters
George Milligan—Men of the Bible; Some Lesser-Known

The Historical Books.
1. In the Pentateuch we have the establishment of the Theocracy, with the preparatory and accompanying history pertaining to it. The province of the historical books is to unfold its practiced working, and to show how, under the divine superintendence and guidance, it accomplished the end for which it was given. They contain, therefore, primarily, a history of God's dealings with the covenant people under the economy which he had imposed upon them. They look at the course of human events on the
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

The Old Testament Canon from Its Beginning to Its Close.
The first important part of the Old Testament put together as a whole was the Pentateuch, or rather, the five books of Moses and Joshua. This was preceded by smaller documents, which one or more redactors embodied in it. The earliest things committed to writing were probably the ten words proceeding from Moses himself, afterwards enlarged into the ten commandments which exist at present in two recensions (Exod. xx., Deut. v.) It is true that we have the oldest form of the decalogue from the Jehovist
Samuel Davidson—The Canon of the Bible

And thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, too little to be among the thousands of Judah
"And thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, too little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall come forth unto Me (one) [Pg 480] to be Ruler in Israel; and His goings forth are the times of old, the days of eternity." The close connection of this verse with what immediately precedes (Caspari is wrong in considering iv. 9-14 as an episode) is evident, not only from the [Hebrew: v] copulative, and from the analogy of the near relation of the announcement of salvation to the prophecy of disaster
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

Ezra-Nehemiah
Some of the most complicated problems in Hebrew history as well as in the literary criticism of the Old Testament gather about the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Apart from these books, all that we know of the origin and early history of Judaism is inferential. They are our only historical sources for that period; and if in them we have, as we seem to have, authentic memoirs, fragmentary though they be, written by the two men who, more than any other, gave permanent shape and direction to Judaism, then
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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