Ezra 2:63
The governor ordered them not to eat the most holy things until there was a priest to consult the Urim and Thummim.
The governor
This term refers to Zerubbabel, who was appointed as the leader of the returning exiles. In the Hebrew text, the word used is "הַתִּרְשָׁתָא" (ha-Tirshatha), a title for a Persian-appointed governor. Zerubbabel's leadership was crucial in the restoration of Jerusalem and the temple, symbolizing God's providence and the fulfillment of His promises to bring His people back to their land.

ordered them not to eat
This phrase indicates a command or directive given by the governor. The Hebrew root for "ordered" is "אָמַר" (amar), meaning to say or command. This highlights the authority and responsibility of the governor to maintain the sanctity and order of religious practices, ensuring that the community adhered to the laws given by God.

the most holy things
This refers to the sacred offerings and portions designated for the priests, as outlined in the Mosaic Law. The Hebrew term "קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים" (qodesh ha-qodashim) signifies the highest level of holiness, reserved for those who were ritually pure. This underscores the importance of maintaining purity and reverence in worship, reflecting God's holiness.

until there was a priest
The need for a priest emphasizes the role of the priesthood in mediating between God and His people. Priests were essential for performing sacrifices and maintaining the temple's sanctity. This phrase points to the necessity of proper spiritual leadership and guidance in the community's religious life.

to consult the Urim and Thummim
The Urim and Thummim were sacred lots used by the high priest to discern God's will, as described in Exodus 28:30. The Hebrew words "אוּרִים" (Urim) and "תֻּמִּים" (Thummim) are often associated with light and perfection, respectively. Their use signifies the importance of seeking divine guidance and confirmation in matters of spiritual and communal significance. This practice reflects a deep reliance on God's direction and wisdom in decision-making processes.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The Governor
Likely referring to Zerubbabel, who was leading the first group of exiles back to Jerusalem. He played a crucial role in the rebuilding of the temple and the re-establishment of Jewish worship.

2. Priests
The religious leaders responsible for conducting temple services and rituals. In this context, they were needed to consult the Urim and Thummim for divine guidance.

3. Urim and Thummim
Sacred lots used by the high priest in ancient Israel to discern God's will. Their exact nature is unknown, but they were a means of divine communication.

4. The Most Holy Things
Refers to the sacred offerings and food that were reserved for the priests and their families, as outlined in the Mosaic Law.

5. Exiles Returning to Jerusalem
The broader context of Ezra 2 is the return of the Jewish exiles from Babylon to Jerusalem, a significant event in Jewish history that marked the beginning of the restoration of the temple and the community.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Divine Guidance
In times of uncertainty, seeking God's will is crucial. The use of the Urim and Thummim underscores the need for divine direction in making important decisions.

Holiness and Purity in Worship
The restriction on eating the most holy things until proper consultation highlights the importance of maintaining holiness and purity in worship practices.

Leadership and Responsibility
The governor's role in ensuring adherence to God's commands demonstrates the responsibility of leaders to guide their people according to divine principles.

Patience and Trust in God's Timing
Waiting for a priest to consult the Urim and Thummim teaches patience and trust in God's timing and provision.

Community and Restoration
The return of the exiles and the re-establishment of worship practices illustrate the importance of community and collective restoration in faith.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the role of the governor in Ezra 2:63 reflect the responsibilities of spiritual leaders today?

2. In what ways can we seek divine guidance in our personal decision-making processes, similar to the use of the Urim and Thummim?

3. What lessons can we learn from the requirement to wait for a priest before partaking in the most holy things, and how can this apply to our approach to worship?

4. How does the concept of holiness in worship, as seen in Ezra 2:63, relate to New Testament teachings on worship and purity?

5. How can the account of the returning exiles inspire us to pursue restoration and renewal in our own spiritual communities?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Leviticus 8-10
These chapters describe the consecration of the priests and the importance of holiness in their service, which relates to the need for a priest to consult the Urim and Thummim.

Numbers 27:21
This verse mentions the use of the Urim and Thummim by the high priest to seek God's guidance, highlighting their role in decision-making.

Nehemiah 7:65
This passage parallels Ezra 2:63, emphasizing the continuity of the need for divine guidance through the Urim and Thummim during the post-exilic period.
Spiritual SignificancesW. Clarkson Ezra 2:1-67
Men Forsaking the Worldly LifeJ.S. Exell Ezra 2:1-70
A Suggestive RecordWilliam Jones.Ezra 2:2-64
Religious ServiceWilliam Jones.Ezra 2:2-64
The Privileges of the PriesthoodJ.A. Macdonald Ezra 2:61-63
People
Akkub, Ami, Asaph, Asnah, Ater, Baanah, Bakbuk, Barkos, Barzillai, Bazluth, Besai, Bigvai, Bilshan, Darkon, Delaiah, Gahar, Gazzam, Giddel, Habaiah, Hagab, Hagabah, Hakkoz, Hakupha, Hanan, Harhur, Harsha, Hasupha, Hatipha, Hatita, Hattil, Hezekiah, Hodaviah, Immer, Israelites, Jaalah, Jedaiah, Jeshua, Joab, Jorah, Kadmiel, Keros, Koz, Lebanah, Mehida, Mehunim, Meunim, Mizpar, Mordecai, Nebuchadnezzar, Nehemiah, Nekoda, Nephusim, Neziah, Padon, Pahathmoab, Parosh, Paseah, Pashur, Peruda, Phaseah, Pochereth, Reaiah, Reelaiah, Rehum, Rezin, Seraiah, Shallum, Shalmai, Shephatiah, Shobai, Siaha, Sisera, Solomon, Sophereth, Sotai, Tabbaoth, Talmon, Thamah, Tobiah, Tobijah, Uzza, Zaccai, Zattu, Zerubbabel, Ziha
Places
Ai, Anathoth, Azmaveth, Babylon, Babylonia, Beeroth, Bethel, Bethlehem, Cherub, Geba, Hadid, Immer, Jericho, Jerusalem, Kiriath-arim, Lod, Michmas, Nebo, Netophah, Ono, Ramah, Tel-harsha, Tel-melah
Topics
Consult, Decision, Eat, Governor, Holy, Ministering, Ordered, Partake, Priest, Sacred, Standing, Stood, Thummim, Till, Tirshatha, Urim
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Ezra 2:63

     7392   lots, casting of
     7942   ministry

Ezra 2:1-65

     5249   census

Ezra 2:1-67

     7230   genealogies

Ezra 2:62-63

     4912   chance

Library
Altar and Temple
'And when the seventh month was come, and the children of Israel were in the cities, the people gathered themselves together as one man to Jerusalem. 2. Then stood up Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren the priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and his brethren, and builded the altar of the God of Israel, to offer burnt offerings thereon, as it is written in the law of Moses the man of God. 3. And they set the altar upon his bases; for fear was upon them because of the people of those
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Apocalypse.
On the Lit. and life of John, see §§ 40 and 41 (this vol.); on the authorship of the Apoc. and the time of composition, § 37 (this vol.); § 41 (this vol.); and § 84 (this vol.) 1. Modern Critical, works of German and French scholars on the Apocalypse: Lücke (Voltständige Einleitung, etc., 2d ed., 1852; 1,074 pages of introductory matter, critical and historical; compare with it the review of Bleek in the "Studien and Kritiken" for 1854 and 1855); DeWette Com., 1848,
Philip Schaff—History of the Christian Church, Volume I

Barzillai
BY REV. GEORGE MILLIGAN, M.A., D.D. "There is nothing," says Socrates to Cephalus in the Republic, "I like better than conversing with aged men. For I regard them as travellers who have gone a journey which I too may have to go, and of whom it is right to learn the character of the way, whether it is rugged or difficult, or smooth and easy" (p. 328 E.). It is to such an aged traveller that we are introduced in the person of Barzillai the Gileadite. And though he is one of the lesser-known characters
George Milligan—Men of the Bible; Some Lesser-Known

The Historical Books.
1. In the Pentateuch we have the establishment of the Theocracy, with the preparatory and accompanying history pertaining to it. The province of the historical books is to unfold its practiced working, and to show how, under the divine superintendence and guidance, it accomplished the end for which it was given. They contain, therefore, primarily, a history of God's dealings with the covenant people under the economy which he had imposed upon them. They look at the course of human events on the
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

The Old Testament Canon from Its Beginning to Its Close.
The first important part of the Old Testament put together as a whole was the Pentateuch, or rather, the five books of Moses and Joshua. This was preceded by smaller documents, which one or more redactors embodied in it. The earliest things committed to writing were probably the ten words proceeding from Moses himself, afterwards enlarged into the ten commandments which exist at present in two recensions (Exod. xx., Deut. v.) It is true that we have the oldest form of the decalogue from the Jehovist
Samuel Davidson—The Canon of the Bible

And thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, too little to be among the thousands of Judah
"And thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, too little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall come forth unto Me (one) [Pg 480] to be Ruler in Israel; and His goings forth are the times of old, the days of eternity." The close connection of this verse with what immediately precedes (Caspari is wrong in considering iv. 9-14 as an episode) is evident, not only from the [Hebrew: v] copulative, and from the analogy of the near relation of the announcement of salvation to the prophecy of disaster
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

Ezra-Nehemiah
Some of the most complicated problems in Hebrew history as well as in the literary criticism of the Old Testament gather about the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Apart from these books, all that we know of the origin and early history of Judaism is inferential. They are our only historical sources for that period; and if in them we have, as we seem to have, authentic memoirs, fragmentary though they be, written by the two men who, more than any other, gave permanent shape and direction to Judaism, then
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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