Hebrews 9:1

Now the first covenant had regulations for worship and also an earthly sanctuary.

Study Bible

Now
The word "Now" serves as a transitional term, linking the previous discussion in Hebrews 8 about the superiority of the new covenant with the detailed examination of the old covenant's practices. It signals a shift in focus, inviting the reader to consider the historical and theological context of the old covenant. This transition is crucial for understanding the continuity and fulfillment of God's plan through Jesus Christ.

the first covenant
The "first covenant" refers to the Mosaic Covenant, established between God and the Israelites at Mount Sinai. This covenant included the Law, given through Moses, and was foundational for Israel's identity and relationship with God. The Greek term used here, "πρώτη διαθήκη" (prōtē diathēkē), emphasizes its chronological precedence and its role as a precursor to the new covenant established by Christ. Understanding this covenant is essential for appreciating the transformative work of Jesus, who fulfills and transcends the old covenant's requirements.

had regulations for worship
The phrase "had regulations for worship" highlights the detailed and specific instructions given to the Israelites for conducting their religious practices. These regulations, found primarily in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers, governed everything from sacrifices to priestly duties. The Greek word "δικαιώματα" (dikaiōmata) implies ordinances or righteous acts, underscoring the covenant's emphasis on holiness and obedience. These regulations were designed to maintain the Israelites' covenant relationship with God and to foreshadow the ultimate sacrifice of Christ.

and also an earthly sanctuary
The "earthly sanctuary" refers to the Tabernacle, and later the Temple, which served as the physical place of worship for the Israelites. The Greek term "κοσμικόν ἅγιον" (kosmikon hagion) suggests a worldly or material sanctuary, contrasting with the heavenly sanctuary where Christ now ministers. This earthly sanctuary was a tangible representation of God's presence among His people, yet it was temporary and limited. Its design and function pointed forward to the perfect and eternal sanctuary in heaven, where Jesus serves as our High Priest. Understanding the earthly sanctuary's role helps believers appreciate the profound significance of Christ's heavenly ministry and the access to God that He provides.

Persons / Places / Events

1. First Covenant
Refers to the Mosaic Covenant, which was established between God and the Israelites at Mount Sinai. It included the Law and the instructions for worship and the tabernacle.

2. Regulations for Worship
These were the specific laws and ordinances given by God to the Israelites, detailing how they were to conduct their worship, including sacrifices, offerings, and priestly duties.

3. Earthly Sanctuary
This refers to the tabernacle, a portable earthly dwelling place for God among the Israelites, which was later succeeded by the Temple in Jerusalem.

Teaching Points

Understanding the Old Covenant
Recognize the purpose of the first covenant as a means to guide the Israelites in their relationship with God and to foreshadow the coming of Christ.

Symbolism of the Earthly Sanctuary
Reflect on how the tabernacle and its rituals pointed to deeper spiritual truths and the ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, our High Priest.

The Temporary Nature of the Old System
Acknowledge that the regulations and the earthly sanctuary were temporary and preparatory, leading to the establishment of a new and better covenant through Christ.

Worship in Spirit and Truth
Embrace the call to worship God not through external rituals but in spirit and truth, as Jesus taught in John 4:24.

Living as a Sanctuary
Consider how, as believers, our bodies are now temples of the Holy Spirit, calling us to live lives that honor God (1 Corinthians 6:19-20).

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the regulations of the first covenant help us appreciate the work of Christ in establishing the new covenant?

2. In what ways does the concept of an "earthly sanctuary" enhance our understanding of the spiritual realities of heaven?

3. How can the symbolism of the tabernacle and its rituals deepen our worship experience today?

4. What are some practical ways we can live as sanctuaries of the Holy Spirit in our daily lives?

5. How does the transition from the old covenant to the new covenant encourage us to approach God with confidence and faith?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 25-31
These chapters provide detailed instructions for building the tabernacle and the regulations for worship, which are foundational to understanding the "earthly sanctuary" mentioned in Hebrews 9:1.

Leviticus 16
Describes the Day of Atonement, a key aspect of the regulations for worship under the first covenant, highlighting the role of the high priest and the sacrificial system.

Hebrews 8:5
Discusses how the earthly sanctuary and its services were a shadow of the heavenly realities, emphasizing the temporary and symbolic nature of the first covenant's worship system.