Judges 8:19

"They were my brothers," Gideon replied, "the sons of my mother! As surely as the LORD lives, if you had let them live, I would not kill you."

Study Bible

They were my brothers
This phrase reveals a deeply personal and familial connection that Gideon had with the men he is referring to. In the Hebrew context, the term "brothers" (אֲחַי, 'achai) can denote not only biological siblings but also close kin or even fellow Israelites. This highlights the gravity of the situation, as Gideon is not speaking of strangers but of those with whom he shared a covenantal and familial bond. The use of "brothers" underscores the betrayal and the personal nature of the conflict, emphasizing the unity and kinship expected among the tribes of Israel.

the sons of my mother
This phrase further intensifies the personal nature of Gideon's grievance. In ancient Israelite society, maternal lineage was significant, and referring to "the sons of my mother" (בְּנֵי אִמִּי, bnei 'immi) stresses the closeness of the relationship. It suggests a shared upbringing and intimate family ties, which makes the loss even more poignant. This expression also serves to highlight the cultural importance of family and the deep-seated bonds that were expected to be honored and protected.

declared Gideon
The use of "declared" (אָמַר, amar) indicates a formal and solemn pronouncement. Gideon is not merely recounting a fact; he is making a declaration that carries weight and authority. This reflects the seriousness of the situation and Gideon's role as a leader and judge in Israel. His declaration is not just a personal lament but a statement with implications for justice and retribution, as he is about to justify his actions based on this familial bond.

As surely as the LORD lives
This oath formula is a common biblical expression used to assert the truthfulness and seriousness of a statement. By invoking the name of the LORD (יהוה, YHWH), Gideon is swearing by the highest authority, emphasizing the sincerity and gravity of his words. This phrase reflects the deep-seated belief in the living God who is active and present in the affairs of His people. It underscores the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where God's name is invoked to affirm truth and justice.

if you had let them live
Here, Gideon presents a conditional statement that reveals the possibility of a different outcome. The phrase "if you had let them live" (לוּ הַחֲיִיתֶם אוֹתָם, lu hachayitem otam) suggests that the current situation could have been avoided if the opposing party had acted differently. It implies a missed opportunity for mercy and reconciliation, highlighting the tragic nature of the conflict. This conditional clause serves to underscore the consequences of actions and the importance of choices in the unfolding of God's plan.

I would not kill you
Gideon's statement concludes with a declaration of what could have been a merciful outcome. The phrase "I would not kill you" (לֹא אֶהֱרֹג אֶתְכֶם, lo e'herog etchem) reveals Gideon's willingness to spare the lives of those who had wronged him, had they shown mercy to his brothers. This reflects the biblical principle of justice tempered with mercy, a recurring theme throughout Scripture. It also highlights Gideon's role as a judge who must balance justice with compassion, reflecting the character of God who desires mercy and justice for His people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Gideon
A judge of Israel, chosen by God to deliver the Israelites from the oppression of the Midianites. Known for his faith and leadership, yet also for his human flaws and struggles.

2. Zebah and Zalmunna
Kings of Midian who were captured by Gideon. They were responsible for the death of Gideon's brothers, which led to their execution by Gideon.

3. Gideon's Brothers
The sons of Gideon's mother, who were killed by Zebah and Zalmunna. Their death is a pivotal reason for Gideon's actions against the Midianite kings.

4. Midian
A region and people often in conflict with Israel. The Midianites oppressed Israel until Gideon, under God's guidance, led a successful campaign against them.

5. Ophrah
Gideon's hometown, where he was called by God and where he returned after his military victories.

Teaching Points

The Complexity of Justice and Vengeance
Gideon's actions remind us of the complexity of justice and the human tendency towards vengeance. While Gideon sought justice for his brothers, his actions also reflect personal revenge. Christians are called to seek justice but leave vengeance to God.

The Importance of Brotherhood and Family
The murder of Gideon's brothers highlights the deep bonds of family and the pain of loss. It serves as a reminder of the importance of cherishing and protecting our relationships.

The Consequences of Sin
The death of Gideon's brothers and the subsequent execution of the Midianite kings illustrate the destructive cycle of sin and violence. Believers are encouraged to break this cycle through forgiveness and reconciliation.

Faith Amidst Flaws
Gideon is a complex character who demonstrates great faith but also significant flaws. His account encourages believers to trust in God's strength despite their weaknesses and imperfections.

God's Sovereignty in Human Affairs
Despite human actions and motives, God's purposes prevail. Gideon's victory over the Midianites was ultimately part of God's plan to deliver Israel, reminding us of God's sovereignty in our lives.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Gideon's response to the death of his brothers reflect both justice and personal vengeance? How can we discern the difference in our own lives?

2. In what ways does the account of Gideon and his brothers parallel the account of Cain and Abel? What lessons can we learn about brotherhood and reconciliation?

3. How does the commandment "You shall not murder" apply to Gideon's actions, and how does Jesus' teaching in Matthew 5 expand our understanding of this commandment?

4. What can we learn from Gideon's inclusion in Hebrews 11 about faith and human imperfection? How can this encourage us in our own faith journey?

5. How does Romans 12:19 challenge us to respond to personal injustices and wrongs? What practical steps can we take to leave vengeance to God and seek peace?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 4
The account of Cain and Abel, which also deals with the theme of brotherhood and the consequences of murder.

Exodus 20:13
The commandment "You shall not murder," highlighting the sanctity of life and the seriousness of taking a life.

Matthew 5:21-22
Jesus' teaching on anger and murder, expanding the understanding of the commandment to include anger and hatred.

Romans 12:19
The call to leave vengeance to God, contrasting with Gideon's personal vendetta.

Hebrews 11:32-34
Gideon is mentioned in the "Faith Hall of Fame," recognizing his faith despite his imperfections.