Matthew 10:23

When they persecute you in one town, flee to the next. Truly I tell you, you will not reach all the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes.

Study Bible

When they persecute you in one town
This phrase begins with a conditional "when," indicating the certainty of persecution for the followers of Christ. The Greek word for "persecute" is "diōkō," which means to pursue or chase after with hostile intent. Historically, early Christians faced severe persecution, as seen in the Acts of the Apostles. This persecution was not just physical but also social and economic, as believers were often ostracized from their communities. The phrase "in one town" suggests the localized nature of these early persecutions, reflecting the itinerant ministry of the apostles who moved from town to town spreading the Gospel.

flee to the next
The instruction to "flee" is not a call to cowardice but a strategic move to preserve life and continue the mission. The Greek word "pheugō" implies a tactical withdrawal rather than a retreat in fear. This reflects Jesus' understanding of the value of life and the importance of the mission over martyrdom for its own sake. Historically, this strategy allowed the early church to spread rapidly across regions, as believers carried the message of Christ to new areas when they were forced to leave their homes.

Truly I tell you
This phrase, "Truly I tell you," is a solemn affirmation used by Jesus to emphasize the truth and importance of what follows. The Greek word "amēn" (translated as "truly") is a term of agreement and certainty, often used to underscore the reliability of a statement. In the context of Jesus' teachings, it serves as a divine guarantee of the truth being imparted, urging the listener to pay close attention.

you will not reach all the towns of Israel
The phrase "you will not reach all the towns of Israel" suggests the vastness of the mission field and the urgency of the task. The historical context here is significant, as Israel was a land of many towns and villages, each with its own unique challenges and opportunities for ministry. This statement underscores the enormity of the task facing the disciples and the need for perseverance and dedication in their mission.

before the Son of Man comes
The title "Son of Man" is a messianic term that Jesus frequently used to refer to Himself, drawing from the imagery in Daniel 7:13-14. It emphasizes both His humanity and His divine authority. The phrase "before the Son of Man comes" has been interpreted in various ways, including the immediate context of Jesus' resurrection and ascension, the destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70, and the future second coming of Christ. From a conservative Christian perspective, this phrase serves as a reminder of the eschatological hope and the urgency of the Gospel mission, encouraging believers to remain steadfast in their faith and diligent in their witness until Christ returns.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus Christ
The speaker of this verse, providing instructions to His disciples.

2. Disciples
The immediate audience of Jesus' instructions, tasked with spreading the Gospel.

3. Towns of Israel
The geographical focus of the disciples' mission, representing the Jewish people.

4. Persecution
The anticipated opposition and suffering the disciples would face for their faith.

5. Son of Man
A title Jesus uses for Himself, with eschatological implications.

Teaching Points

Expect Persecution
As followers of Christ, we should anticipate opposition and be prepared to face it with faith and courage.

Strategic Movement
Jesus' instruction to flee when persecuted is not cowardice but a strategic move to continue the mission. We should be wise in how we handle opposition.

Urgency of the Mission
The task of spreading the Gospel is urgent, and we must be diligent in our efforts, knowing that time is limited.

Hope in Christ's Return
The reference to the "Son of Man" coming reminds us of the hope and assurance of Christ's return, motivating us to persevere.

Faithful Witness
Despite persecution, we are called to be faithful witnesses, trusting in God's sovereignty and timing.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the historical context of persecution in the early church help us apply this verse today?

2. In what ways can we strategically respond to opposition in our own lives while remaining faithful to our mission?

3. How does the urgency of the Gospel message influence your daily life and priorities?

4. What does the title "Son of Man" reveal about Jesus' identity and mission, and how does it impact your faith?

5. How can we find encouragement and strength in the promise of Christ's return when facing trials and persecution?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 24:14
This verse speaks about the Gospel being preached to all nations before the end comes, connecting to the urgency and scope of the mission.

Acts 8:1-4
Describes the early church's experience of persecution and how it led to the spread of the Gospel, illustrating the principle of fleeing to the next town.

Daniel 7:13-14
Provides background on the "Son of Man" title, emphasizing Jesus' authority and future coming.

John 15:18-20
Jesus warns His followers about persecution, reinforcing the reality of opposition in the Christian life.

2 Timothy 3:12
Paul affirms that all who desire to live godly in Christ Jesus will face persecution, echoing Jesus' warning.