Proverbs 31:4

It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine, or for rulers to crave strong drink,

Study Bible

It is not for kings, O Lemuel
The name "Lemuel" is often understood to refer to a king, possibly a symbolic or poetic name, as it is not found elsewhere in the Bible. The advice given here is traditionally attributed to King Solomon's mother, Bathsheba, offering wisdom to her son. The role of a king in ancient Israel was to lead with wisdom and justice, reflecting God's rule. This phrase emphasizes the high calling and responsibility of kingship, suggesting that certain behaviors are not fitting for those in such positions of authority.

it is not for kings to drink wine
Wine in biblical times was a common beverage, often safer to drink than water due to fermentation. However, excessive consumption could impair judgment. For a king, whose decisions could affect the entire nation, maintaining clarity of mind was crucial. The warning against wine for kings underscores the need for leaders to remain vigilant and wise, avoiding anything that could cloud their judgment or lead to injustice. This aligns with the broader biblical theme of sobriety and self-control, as seen in passages like Ephesians 5:18.

or for rulers to crave strong drink
"Strong drink" refers to beverages with higher alcohol content, such as fermented grain or fruit drinks. The craving for such drinks suggests a lack of self-control, which is particularly dangerous for those in positions of power. Leaders are called to a higher standard, as their actions and decisions have far-reaching consequences. This advice reflects the biblical principle that those in authority should be models of integrity and discipline, as seen in the qualifications for church leaders in 1 Timothy 3:2-3. The emphasis on self-control and clear-mindedness is a recurring theme in Scripture, highlighting the importance of these virtues for effective leadership.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King Lemuel
A king who is traditionally believed to have received wise teachings from his mother. The identity of Lemuel is not definitively known, but he is often considered a symbolic or poetic figure representing any ruler or leader.

2. Kings and Rulers
The verse addresses those in positions of authority and leadership, emphasizing their responsibility to govern wisely and justly.

3. Wine and Strong Drink
These substances are used symbolically to represent indulgence and potential impairment of judgment, which can lead to poor decision-making.

Teaching Points

The Responsibility of Leadership
Leaders are called to a higher standard of conduct. Their decisions impact many, and thus they must remain clear-headed and wise.

The Dangers of Indulgence
While the Bible does not prohibit alcohol, it warns against excess and the loss of self-control, which can lead to moral and ethical failures.

Wisdom in Decision-Making
Leaders must prioritize wisdom and discernment over personal pleasure or indulgence to fulfill their roles effectively.

The Influence of Role Models
King Lemuel's mother serves as a role model, emphasizing the importance of wise counsel and guidance in shaping leaders.

Self-Control as a Virtue
Self-control is a fruit of the Spirit and is essential for anyone in a position of influence, ensuring that their actions align with godly principles.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the advice given to King Lemuel in Proverbs 31:4 apply to modern-day leaders, both in the church and in secular positions?

2. In what ways can indulgence in substances like alcohol impair judgment and decision-making, particularly for those in leadership roles?

3. How can we apply the principle of self-control in our own lives, especially when faced with temptations that could lead to poor decisions?

4. What other biblical examples can you find where leaders failed due to a lack of self-control or indulgence in pleasures?

5. How can we seek and provide wise counsel to those in leadership positions, similar to the guidance King Lemuel received from his mother?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Proverbs 20:1
This verse warns about the deceptive nature of wine and strong drink, reinforcing the idea that they can lead to unwise behavior.

Isaiah 5:22
This passage criticizes those who are heroes at drinking wine, highlighting the folly of excessive indulgence.

1 Timothy 3:2-3
In the New Testament, Paul outlines the qualifications for church leaders, including being temperate and not given to drunkenness, which aligns with the wisdom given to King Lemuel.