Romans 2:9
There will be trouble and distress for every human being who does evil, first for the Jew, then for the Greek;
There will be trouble and distress
This phrase emphasizes the certainty of consequences for actions. In biblical context, "trouble and distress" often refer to the judgment and tribulation that come as a result of sin. The Old Testament frequently warns of such outcomes for disobedience (e.g., Deuteronomy 28:15-68). The New Testament continues this theme, highlighting the spiritual and sometimes physical repercussions of living contrary to God's will. This serves as a reminder of the moral order established by God, where actions have consequences.

for every human being who does evil
The universality of this statement underscores the impartiality of God's judgment. It aligns with the biblical teaching that all have sinned (Romans 3:23) and that God shows no favoritism (Acts 10:34-35). The phrase "every human being" indicates that no one is exempt from accountability, regardless of status or background. This reflects the consistent biblical theme that God's standards apply to all humanity, and His justice is comprehensive.

first for the Jew
The mention of the Jew first highlights the historical and covenantal relationship between God and the Jewish people. Biblically, the Jews were the first to receive God's law and promises (Romans 9:4-5). This priority in judgment reflects their privileged position in salvation history, as well as their greater responsibility due to their knowledge of God's will. It also echoes the pattern seen in the ministry of Jesus and the apostles, who often began their work among the Jews before reaching out to the Gentiles (Matthew 10:5-6; Acts 13:46).

then for the Greek
The term "Greek" here is representative of the Gentiles, encompassing all non-Jewish peoples. This reflects the expansion of God's covenant to include all nations, a theme prophesied in the Old Testament (Isaiah 49:6) and fulfilled in the New Testament through the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19). The inclusion of the Greeks signifies the universal scope of the gospel and God's plan for salvation, as well as the universal application of His justice. This phrase reinforces the idea that both Jews and Gentiles are equally accountable before God.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Paul the Apostle
The author of the Book of Romans, Paul was a key figure in the early Christian church, known for his missionary journeys and theological teachings.

2. Jews
The ethnic and religious group to whom God first revealed His laws and covenants. In this context, they represent those who were first given the opportunity to know God's will.

3. Greeks
Often used to refer to Gentiles or non-Jews in the New Testament. Here, it represents all other nations and peoples outside of the Jewish community.

4. Rome
The city to which the letter was addressed, a significant center of power and culture in the ancient world, with a diverse population including both Jews and Gentiles.

5. Judgment
The event or process by which God will hold every person accountable for their actions, as described in the broader context of Romans 2.
Teaching Points
Universal Accountability
Every person, regardless of their background, is accountable to God for their actions. This calls for self-examination and repentance.

Priority of Revelation
The Jews were given the law first, which implies a greater responsibility. Similarly, those who have received the Gospel have a responsibility to live according to its teachings.

Consequences of Sin
Sin leads to trouble and distress. Understanding this should motivate believers to pursue righteousness and avoid evil.

Equality Before God
Both Jews and Greeks are subject to the same standards of judgment, highlighting the impartiality of God.

Call to Repentance
Recognizing the certainty of judgment should lead individuals to seek God's mercy and forgiveness through Jesus Christ.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does understanding the cultural context of Jews and Greeks in Paul's time help us interpret Romans 2:9?

2. In what ways does the principle of universal accountability challenge or affirm your current lifestyle choices?

3. How can the concept of "first for the Jew, then for the Greek" be applied to the way we prioritize sharing the Gospel today?

4. What are some practical steps you can take to avoid the "trouble and distress" associated with evil deeds?

5. How do other scriptures about judgment and accountability influence your understanding of God's justice and mercy?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Romans 3:23
This verse emphasizes that all have sinned, reinforcing the idea that both Jews and Greeks are under judgment for evil deeds.

Galatians 6:7-8
These verses discuss the principle of sowing and reaping, which aligns with the idea of receiving trouble and distress for evil actions.

1 Peter 4:17
This passage speaks about judgment beginning with the household of God, which connects to the idea of judgment starting with the Jews.

Matthew 25:31-46
Jesus' teaching on the final judgment, where all nations are gathered and judged according to their deeds, parallels the theme of universal accountability.

Ecclesiastes 12:14
This verse speaks of God bringing every deed into judgment, whether good or evil, supporting the concept of divine justice.
Without ExcuseT.F. Lockyer Romans 2:1-11
CensoriousnessJ. Lyth, D. D.Romans 2:1-16
Jews as Bad as PagansJ. Oswald Dykes, D. D.Romans 2:1-16
Judging OthersT. Robinson, D. D.Romans 2:1-16
Judging OthersJ. Lyth, D. D.Romans 2:1-16
Judgment -- Human and DivineU. R. Thomas.Romans 2:1-16
Man's InexcusablenessT. Robinson, D. D.Romans 2:1-16
The Final Judgment ForeshadowedW. Tyson.Romans 2:1-16
The Judges JudgedC. Simeon, M. A.Romans 2:1-16
The Judgment of GodT. G. Horton.Romans 2:1-16
The Leading Principles Regulating the General JudgmentR.M. Edgar Romans 2:1-16
The Self-Righteous and the Hypocrite Tried and Condemned ByJ. Lyth, D. D.Romans 2:1-16
Unconscious HypocrisyProf. Jowett.Romans 2:1-16
The Righteous Judgment of GodC.h Irwin Romans 2:5-16
A Righteous JudgeS.R. Aldridge Romans 2:6-11
ContrastsJ. Lyth, D. D.Romans 2:7-10
Factiousness and its PunishmentJ. Morison, D. D.Romans 2:7-10
GloryJ. Morison, D. D.Romans 2:7-10
Glory, Honour and PeaceJ. Morison, D. D.Romans 2:7-10
Good Works Must be ContinuousT. Brooks.Romans 2:7-10
High LifeW. L. Watkinson.Romans 2:7-10
HonourJ. Morison, D. D.Romans 2:7-10
ImmortalityJ. Morison, D. D.Romans 2:7-10
Indignation and WrathR. Haldane.Romans 2:7-10
Labouring for EternityA. Reed, D. D.Romans 2:7-10
Obedience to Unrighteousness, I.ER. Haldane.Romans 2:7-10
Patient Continuance in Well-DoingRomans 2:7-10
Perseverance: its Value and EffectsW. H. D. Adams.Romans 2:7-10
Seeking for Glory, Honour, and ImmortalityC. Neil, M. A.Romans 2:7-10
The Beatitude of Patient CourageA. E. Gregory.Romans 2:7-10
The Blessings God has in StoreJ. Lyth, D. D.Romans 2:7-10
The Christian's Great AimJ. Dunlop.Romans 2:7-10
The Constancy of HolinessC. H. Spurgeon.Romans 2:7-10
The End of Sinful PleasuresT. Guthrie, D. D.Romans 2:7-10
The Glory of HeavenA. Maclaren.Romans 2:7-10
The Glory of HeavenBp. Hopkins.Romans 2:7-10
The Law of ConsequencesBp. Whipple.Romans 2:7-10
The Mercenary SpiritBp. Thirlwall.Romans 2:7-10
The Permanent Determination to Realise GoodnessProf. Godet.Romans 2:7-10
The Punishment of SinT. Robinson, D. D.Romans 2:7-10
The Retribution of Sin Mercifully RevealedH. W. Beecher.Romans 2:7-10
The Reward of Patient EffortGeorge Eliot.Romans 2:7-10
Tribulation and AnguishJ. Morison, D. D.Romans 2:7-10
Well-DoingD. Thomas, D. D.Romans 2:7-10
Well-DoingT. Robinson, D. D.Romans 2:7-10
Working for EternityRomans 2:7-10
People
Paul, Romans
Places
Rome
Topics
Anguish, Deliberately, Distress, Evil, Gentile, Greek, Human, Jew, Oppression, Sorrow, Soul, Tribulation, Trouble, Worketh, Working, Works, Wrong
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Romans 2:9

     8736   evil, warnings against

Romans 2:1-11

     8822   self-justification

Romans 2:5-10

     5967   thrift
     9240   last judgment

Romans 2:5-11

     5003   human race, and God
     5493   retribution
     8310   morality, and creation

Romans 2:6-11

     5499   reward, divine

Romans 2:8-9

     5978   warning

Romans 2:9-11

     1310   God, as judge
     5878   honour
     5882   impartiality
     7512   Gentiles, in NT
     8753   favouritism

Library
September the Tenth Criticism and Piety
"Thinkest thou, that judgest them that do such things, that thou shalt escape?" --ROMANS ii. 1-11. That is always my peril, to assume that by being severe with others I exculpate myself. I go on to the bench, and deliver sentence upon my brother, when my proper place is in the dock. And this is the subtlety of the snare, that I regard my criticisms and condemnations of other people as signs of my own innocence. This is the last refinement in temptation, and multitudes fall before its power. The
John Henry Jowett—My Daily Meditation for the Circling Year

The Circumcision of the Heart
"Circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter." Romans 2:29. 1. It is the melancholy remark of an excellent man, that he who now preaches the most essential duties of Christianity, runs the hazard of being esteemed, by a great part of his hearers, "a setter forth of new doctrines." Most men have so lived away the substance of that religion, the profession whereof they still retain, that no sooner are any of those truths proposed which difference the Spirit of Christ from
John Wesley—Sermons on Several Occasions

Earnest Expostulation
Observe that the apostle singled out an individual who had condemned others for transgressions, in which he himself indulged. This man owned so much spiritual light that he knew right from wrong, and he diligently used his knowledge to judge others, condemning them for their transgressions. As for himself, he preferred the shade, where no fierce light might beat on his own conscience and disturb his unholy peace. His judgment was spared the pain of dealing with his home offenses by being set to work
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 29: 1883

Coming Judgment of the Secrets of Men
"Should all the forms that men devise Assult my faith with treacherous art, I'd call them vanity and lies, And bind the gospel to my heart." Is not this word "my gospel" the voice of love? Does he not by this word embrace the gospel as the only love of his soul--for the sake of which he had suffered the loss of all things, and did count them but dung--for the sake of which he was willing to stand before Nero, and proclaim, even in Caesar's palace, the message from heaven? Though each word should
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 31: 1885

"Hear the Word of the Lord, Ye Rulers of Sodom, Give Ear unto the Law of Our God, Ye People of Gomorrah,"
Isaiah i. 10, 11, &c.--"Hear the word of the Lord, ye rulers of Sodom, give ear unto the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah," &c. It is strange to think what mercy is mixed with the most wrath like strokes and threatenings. There is no prophet whose office and commission is only for judgment, nay, to speak the truth, it is mercy that premises threatenings. The entering of the law, both in the commands and curses, is to make sin abound, that grace may superabound, so that both rods and threatenings
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Tendencies of Religious Thought in England, 1688-1750.
THE thirty years of peace which succeeded the Peace of Utrecht (1714), was the most prosperous season that England had ever experienced; and the progression, though slow, being uniform, the reign of George II. might not disadvantageously be compared for the real happiness of the community with that more brilliant, but uncertain and oscillatory condition which has ensued. A labourer's wages have never for many ages commanded so large a portion of subsistence as in this part of the 18th century.' (Hallam,
Frederick Temple—Essays and Reviews: The Education of the World

The Same Necessary and Eternal Different Relations
that different things bear one to another, and the same consequent fitness or unfitness of the application of different things or different relations one to another, with regard to which the will of God always and necessarily does determine itself, to choose to act only what is agreeable to justice, equity, goodness, and truth, in order to the welfare of the whole universe, ought likewise constantly to determine the wills of all subordinate rational beings, to govern all their actions by the same
Samuel Clarke—A Discourse Concerning the Being and Attributes of God

Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia.
Part I. History of the Councils. Reason why two Councils were called. Inconsistency and folly of calling any; and of the style of the Arian formularies; occasion of the Nicene Council; proceedings at Ariminum; Letter of the Council to Constantius; its decree. Proceedings at Seleucia; reflections on the conduct of the Arians. 1. Perhaps news has reached even yourselves concerning the Council, which is at this time the subject of general conversation; for letters both from the Emperor and the Prefects
Athanasius—Select Works and Letters or Athanasius

Epistle xvi. From Felix Bishop of Messana to St. Gregory.
From Felix Bishop of Messana [243] to St. Gregory. To the most blessed and honourable lord, the holy father Pope Gregory, Felix lover of your Weal and Holiness. The claims under God of your most blessed Weal and Holiness are manifest. For, though the whole earth was filled with observance of the true faith by the preaching and doctrine of the apostles, yet the orthodox Church of Christ, having been founded by apostolical institution and most firmly established by the faithful fathers, is further
Saint Gregory the Great—the Epistles of Saint Gregory the Great

Entire Sanctification in Type.
The Mosaic dispensation was legal, ceremonial and typical. "The law having a shadow of the good things to come," says the author of the Hebrews. But a shadow always points to a substance; and so far as holiness is commanded, and so far as it is shadowed forth in the ceremonial law, we shall find that there is a corresponding substance and reality in the gospel of Christ. In the first place, if we study carefully the provisions of the Mosaic law, we shall be struck with the many forms of ceremonial
Dougan Clark—The Theology of Holiness

Love of Religion, a New Nature.
"If we be dead with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with Him."--Romans vi. 8. To be dead with Christ, is to hate and turn from sin; and to live with Him, is to have our hearts and minds turned towards God and Heaven. To be dead to sin, is to feel a disgust at it. We know what is meant by disgust. Take, for instance, the case of a sick man, when food of a certain kind is presented to him,--and there is no doubt what is meant by disgust. Consider how certain scents, which are too
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VII

"If So be that the Spirit of God Dwell in You. Now if any Man have not the Spirit of Christ, He is None of His. "
Rom. viii. 9.--"If so be that the Spirit of God dwell in you. Now if any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his." "But will God in very deed dwell with men on the earth?" 2 Chron. vi. 18. It was the wonder of one of the wisest of men, and indeed, considering his infinite highness above the height of heavens, his immense and incomprehensible greatness, that the heaven of heavens cannot contain him, and then the baseness, emptiness, and worthlessness of man, it may be a wonder to the
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

"If we Say that we have not Sinned, we Make Him a Liar, and his Word is not in Us. "
1 John i. 10.--"If we say that we have not sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is not in us." There is nothing in which religion more consists than in the true and unfeigned knowledge of ourselves. The heathens supposed that sentence, {GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA}{GREEK SMALL LETTER NU}{GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA}{GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA}{GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA} {GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA}{GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON}{GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA}{GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU}{GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON}{GREEK
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Though in Order to Establish this Suitable Difference Between the Fruits or Effects of virtue and vice,
so reasonable in itself, and so absolutely necessary for the vindication of the honour of God, the nature of things, and the constitution and order of God's creation, was originally such, that the observance of the eternal rules of justice, equity, and goodness, does indeed of itself tend by direct and natural consequence to make all creatures happy, and the contrary practice to make them miserable; yet since, through some great and general corruption and depravation, (whencesoever that may have
Samuel Clarke—A Discourse Concerning the Being and Attributes of God

But Now, that as Bearing with the Infirmity of Men He did This...
12. But now, that as bearing with the infirmity of men he did this, let us hear what follows: "For though I be free from all men, yet have I made myself servant unto all, that I might gain the more. To them that are under the law, I became as under the law, that I might gain them that are under the law; to them that are without law, as without law, (being not without law to God, but under the law to Christ,) that I might gain them that are without law." [2505] Which thing he did, not with craftiness
St. Augustine—Of the Work of Monks.

Note to the Following Treatise 1. The Following Letter
NOTE TO THE FOLLOWING TREATISE 1. The following Letter, which is the 190th of S. Bernard, was ranked by Horst among the Treatises, on account of its length and importance. It was written on the occasion of the condemnation of the errors of Abaelard by the Council of Sens, in 1140, in the presence of a great number of French Bishops, and of King Louis the Younger, as has been described in the notes to Letter 187. In the Synodical Epistle, which is No. 191 of S. Bernard, and in another, which is No.
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux—Some Letters of Saint Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux

Seances Historiques De Geneve --The National Church.
IN the city of Geneva, once the stronghold of the severest creed of the Reformation, Christianity itself has of late years received some very rude shocks. But special attempts have been recently made to counteract their effects and to re-organize the Christian congregations upon Evangelical principles. In pursuance of this design, there have been delivered and published during the last few years a series of addresses by distinguished persons holding Evangelical sentiments, entitled Séances
Frederick Temple—Essays and Reviews: The Education of the World

Neither do they Confess that they are Awed by those Citations from the Old...
7. Neither do they confess that they are awed by those citations from the Old Testament which are alleged as examples of lies: for there, every incident may possibly be taken figuratively, although it really did take place: and when a thing is either done or said figuratively, it is no lie. For every utterance is to be referred to that which it utters. But when any thing is either done or said figuratively, it utters that which it signifies to those for whose understanding it was put forth. Whence
St. Augustine—On Lying

Man.
THE IMAGE OF GOD. MAN is God's image, and to curse wickedly the image of God, is to curse God himself. Suppose that a man should say with his mouth, I wish that the king's picture were burned; would not this man's so saying render him as an enemy to the person of the king? Even so it is with them that by cursing wish evil to their neighbors or themselves; they contemn the image of God himself. This world, as it dropped from the fingers of God, was far more glorious than it is now. VALUE OF THE SOUL.
John Bunyan—The Riches of Bunyan

The Hindrances to Mourning
What shall we do to get our heart into this mourning frame? Do two things. Take heed of those things which will stop these channels of mourning; put yourselves upon the use of all means that will help forward holy mourning. Take heed of those things which will stop the current of tears. There are nine hindrances of mourning. 1 The love of sin. The love of sin is like a stone in the pipe which hinders the current of water. The love of sin makes sin taste sweet and this sweetness in sin bewitches the
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12

Seventeenth Sunday after Trinity the Christian Calling and Unity.
Text: Ephesians 4, 1-6. 1 I, therefore, the prisoner in the Lord, beseech you to walk worthily of the calling wherewith ye were called, 2 with all lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love; 3 giving diligence to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. 4 There is one body, and one Spirit, even as also ye were called in one hope of your calling; 5 one Lord, one faith, one baptism, 6 one God and Father of all, who is over all, and through all, and in all.
Martin Luther—Epistle Sermons, Vol. III

All Mankind Guilty; Or, Every Man Knows More than He Practises.
ROMANS i. 24.--"When they knew God, they glorified him not as God." The idea of God is the most important and comprehensive of all the ideas of which the human mind is possessed. It is the foundation of religion; of all right doctrine, and all right conduct. A correct intuition of it leads to correct religious theories and practice; while any erroneous or defective view of the Supreme Being will pervade the whole province of religion, and exert a most pernicious influence upon the entire character
William G.T. Shedd—Sermons to the Natural Man

Saurin -- Paul Before Felix and Drusilla
Jacques Saurin, the famous French Protestant preacher of the seventeenth century, was born at Nismes in 1677. He studied at Geneva and was appointed to the Walloon Church in London in 1701. The scene of his great life work was, however, the Hague, where he settled in 1705. He has been compared with Bossuet, tho he never attained the graceful style and subtilty which characterize the "Eagle of Meaux." The story is told of the famous scholar Le Clerc that he long refused to hear Saurin preach, on the
Grenville Kleiser—The world's great sermons, Volume 3

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