Ruth 4:7

Now in former times in Israel, concerning the redemption or exchange of property, to make any matter legally binding a man would remove his sandal and give it to the other party, and this was a confirmation in Israel.

Study Bible

Now in former times in Israel
This phrase sets the historical context for the narrative, indicating a practice that was customary in ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "former times" (פָּנִים, panim) often refers to something that is before or in the past. This suggests a tradition that was well-established and recognized by the community. The phrase reminds us of the importance of understanding cultural and historical practices to fully grasp the biblical narrative. It also highlights the continuity of God's people and their customs, which were rooted in the covenantal relationship with God.

for the redemption and transfer of property
The concept of "redemption" (גְּאֻלָּה, ge'ullah) is central to the book of Ruth and the broader biblical narrative. It involves the act of reclaiming or buying back something that was lost or sold. In the context of Ruth, it refers to the kinsman-redeemer's role in preserving the family lineage and property. The "transfer of property" underscores the legal and economic aspects of this redemption process. This phrase reflects the biblical principle of stewardship and the importance of maintaining family inheritance as ordained by God.

to become final
The finality of the transaction is emphasized here, indicating that the act being described was not merely symbolic but legally binding. The Hebrew root (קוּם, qum) conveys the idea of standing or establishing something firmly. This underscores the seriousness and irrevocability of the agreement being made. In a spiritual sense, it reminds us of the permanence of God's promises and the certainty of His covenant with His people.

one party would remove his sandal
The removal of a sandal was a symbolic act in ancient Israelite culture, signifying the transfer of rights or responsibilities. The Hebrew word for "sandal" (נַעַל, na'al) is used here, and this act is rooted in the tradition of walking on land as a sign of ownership. By removing the sandal, the individual was relinquishing their claim or right to the property. This practice is a vivid reminder of the humility and submission required in the process of redemption, pointing to the ultimate redemption through Christ, who humbled Himself for our sake.

and give it to the other
The giving of the sandal to another party was a public declaration of the transaction, witnessed by the community. This act of giving (נָתַן, natan) is a recurring theme in Scripture, often associated with God's generosity and the call for His people to be generous. It signifies the transfer of authority and responsibility, and in the context of Ruth, it highlights Boaz's willingness to fulfill his role as the kinsman-redeemer. This gesture reflects the selflessness and commitment required in fulfilling God's purposes.

This was their method of legalizing transactions in Israel
The phrase underscores the legal and communal nature of the transaction. The Hebrew word for "legalizing" (קָיָם, qayam) implies establishing or confirming something. This method ensured transparency and accountability within the community, reflecting the biblical emphasis on justice and righteousness. It serves as a reminder of the importance of integrity and faithfulness in our dealings with others, as well as the communal aspect of our faith journey. The legal framework provided by God for His people was not only practical but also deeply spiritual, pointing to the ultimate justice and redemption found in Christ.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Boaz
A prominent man of noble character from the tribe of Judah, who acts as the kinsman-redeemer for Ruth.

2. Ruth
A Moabite widow who remains loyal to her mother-in-law Naomi and becomes part of the lineage of David and ultimately Jesus.

3. Naomi
Ruth's mother-in-law, who returns to Bethlehem from Moab after the death of her husband and sons.

4. Bethlehem
The setting of the account, a town in Judah, significant as the birthplace of King David and Jesus.

5. The Sandal Exchange
A cultural practice in ancient Israel symbolizing the transfer of rights and property, akin to a legal contract.

Teaching Points

Cultural Context and Legal Practices
Understanding the cultural and legal practices of ancient Israel, such as the sandal exchange, helps us appreciate the historical context of biblical accounts.

Redemption and Responsibility
Boaz's willingness to redeem Ruth and Naomi's property illustrates the biblical principle of taking responsibility for family and community, reflecting God's redemptive nature.

Faithfulness and Loyalty
Ruth's loyalty to Naomi and Boaz's integrity are examples of faithfulness that believers are called to emulate in their relationships.

God's Sovereignty and Providence
The events in Ruth demonstrate God's sovereign plan and providence, working through ordinary people and events to fulfill His purposes.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the cultural practice of the sandal exchange in Ruth 4:7 enhance our understanding of legal transactions in ancient Israel?

2. In what ways does Boaz's role as a kinsman-redeemer foreshadow the redemptive work of Christ?

3. How can Ruth's loyalty to Naomi inspire us in our relationships with family and community?

4. What does the inclusion of Ruth, a Moabite, in the lineage of David and Jesus teach us about God's inclusivity and grace?

5. How can we see God's providence at work in our own lives, similar to how it is displayed in the account of Ruth?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 25:5-10
This passage outlines the law of levirate marriage, which provides context for Boaz's role as a kinsman-redeemer.

Leviticus 25:25-28
Discusses the redemption of property, which is relevant to the transaction taking place in Ruth 4:7.

Genesis 38
The account of Tamar and Judah, which also involves levirate marriage, highlighting the importance of preserving family lineage.

Matthew 1:5-6
The genealogy of Jesus, which includes Ruth, showing the fulfillment of God's plan through her inclusion.