A tax imposed by the Romans. The tax-gatherers were termed publicans (q.v.), who had their stations at the gates of cities, and in the public highways, and at the place set apart for that purpose, called the "receipt of custom" (Matthew 9: 9; Mark 2:14), where they collected the money that was to be paid on certain goods (Matthew 17:25). These publicans were tempted to exact more from the people than was lawful, and were, in consequence of their extortions, objects of great hatred. The Pharisees would have no intercourse with them (Matthew 5:46, 47; 9:10, 11).

A tax or tribute (q.v.) of half a shekel was annually paid by every adult Jew for the temple. It had to be paid in Jewish coin (Matthew 22:17-19; Mark 12:14, 15). Money-changers (q.v.) were necessary, to enable the Jews who came up to Jerusalem at the feasts to exchange their foreign coin for Jewish money; but as it was forbidden by the law to carry on such a traffic for emolument (Deuteronomy 23:19, 20), our Lord drove them from the temple (Matthew 21:12 Mark 11:15).

1. (n.) Frequent repetition of the same act; way of acting common to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; usage; method of doing or living.

2. (n.) Habitual buying of goods; practice of frequenting, as a shop, manufactory, etc., for making purchases or giving orders; business support.

3. (n.) Long-established practice, considered as unwritten law, and resting for authority on long consent; usage. See Prescription.

4. (n.) Familiar aquaintance; familiarity.

5. (v. t.) To make familiar; to accustom.

6. (v. t.) To supply with customers.

7. (v. i.) To have a custom.

8. (n.) The customary toll, tax, or tribute.

9. (n.) Duties or tolls imposed by law on commodities, imported or exported.

10. (v. t.) To pay the customs of.

CUSTOM (1)

kus'-tum (tax):

(a) halakh, Ezra 4:13, 10; Ezra 7:24 the King James Version;

(b) belo, Ezra 4:13, etc.;

(c) telonion, Matthew 9:9 Mark 2:14 Luke 5:27, "receipt of custom" the King James Version, the Revised Version (British and American) "place of toll," the collectors' office;

(d) telos, Matthew 17:25 (the Revised Version (British and American) "toll"); Romans 13:7; 1 Maccabees 11:35 (the Revised Version (British and American) "tolls"; compare 1 Maccabees 10:31).

The tax designated by halakh in Ezra 4:13, etc., is usually taken to mean a road tax, a toll, from root halakh, but compare Winckler, Altorientalische Forschungen, II, 463, which derives from root ilku, a command, a decree, hence, an imposed tax. Belo from root yabhal is supposed to be a tax on merchandise or produce (as distinguished from "tribute" or the tax on houses, lands and persons), usually paid in kind and levied for the support of the native or provincial government. See Ryle, Cambridge Bible, Ezra-Nehemiah, in the place cited Telos in New Testament and Maccabees is an indirect tax farmed out to the publicans.

Walter R. Betteridge

CUSTOM (2)

kus'-tum (usage): In the Old Testament, except, Genesis 31:35 where the Revised Version (British and American) renders, better, "manner" (derekh, "way"), the words translated "custom" are choq, chuqqah, "statute," and mishpaT, "judgment." Such passages as Judges 11:39 Jeremiah 32:11, and especially Ezra 3:4 (the King James Version "custom," the Revised Version (British and American) "ordinance"), illustrate the difficulty of deciding upon the proper translation, in cases where "custom" might become "statute," "usage" establish itself as "law." In Leviticus 18:30 Jeremiah 10:3 the reference is to heathen religious practices.

In the New Testament Luke 1:9; Luke 2:42 Acts 6:14; Acts 15:1 (the King James Version "manner"); Luke 16:21; Luke 21:21 (ethos), and Luke 2:27 from the same Greek root, refer likewise to definitely established religious practices; in every case except Acts 16:21, those of the Jewish law. The Revised Version (British and American) makes the translation of ethos uniform, reading "custom" in Luke 22:39 (the King James Version "wont") and in John 19:40 Acts 25:16 Hebrews 10:25 (the King James Version "manner"). Greek eiothos, from the same root, is rendered "custom" in Luke 4:16 by English Versions of the Bible, and by the Revised Version (British and American) also in Acts 17:2, its only other occurrence in the New Testament. In John 18:39 1 Corinthians 11:16 "custom" is the translation of Greek sunetheia, in the sense of "usage" rather than of "law."

F. K. Farr

RECEIPT OF CUSTOM

re-set.

See CUSTOM.

1485. ethos -- custom, a usage (prescribed by habit or law)
... custom, a usage (prescribed by habit or law). Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter
Transliteration: ethos Phonetic Spelling: (eth'-os) Short Definition: a custom ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1485.htm - 7k

1486. etho -- to be accustomed, part. custom
... custom. Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: etho Phonetic Spelling: (eth'-o) Short
Definition: I am accustomed, custom, what was customary Definition: I am ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1486.htm - 6k

2239. ethos -- custom
... custom. Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: ethos Phonetic Spelling:
(ay'-thos) Short Definition: habit, manner, custom, morals Definition: habit ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/2239.htm - 7k

1480. ethizo -- to accustom, ie the established custom (perf. pass ...
... ethizo. 1481 . to accustom, ie the established custom (perf. pass. ... Word Origin
from ethos Definition to accustom, ie the established custom (perf. pass. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1480.htm - 6k

3546. nomisma -- a custom, current coin
... a custom, current coin. Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: nomisma Phonetic
Spelling: (nom'-is-mah) Short Definition: money, coin Definition: money ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3546.htm - 6k

4914. sunetheia -- habit, habitual use
... habit, habitual use. Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: sunetheia Phonetic
Spelling: (soon-ay'-thi-ah) Short Definition: a custom, habit Definition ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/4914.htm - 6k

754. architelones -- a chief tax collector
... Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: architelones Phonetic Spelling:
(ar-khee-tel-o'-nace) Short Definition: head of a custom-house, chief tax ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/754.htm - 6k

5056. telos -- an end, a toll
... word Definition an end, a toll NASB Word Usage continually* (1), custom (2), customs
(1), end (24), ends (2), finished (1), fulfillment (1), goal (1), outcome ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/5056.htm - 7k

111. athemitos -- lawless
... 111 (an adjective, derived from 1/A "not" and , "a custom, what is acceptable because
accepted") -- properly, not acceptable based on the prevailing custom or ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/111.htm - 7k

3551. nomos -- that which is assigned, hence usage, law
... Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nomos Phonetic Spelling:
(nom'-os) Short Definition: a law, the Mosaic Law Definition: usage, custom, law; ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3551.htm - 7k

4941. mishpat -- judgment
... Definition judgment NASB Word Usage arrangements (1), case (5), case* (1), cause
(7), charge (1), claim (1), court (2), crimes (1), custom (11), customs (2 ...
/hebrew/4941.htm - 7k

2706. choq -- something prescribed or owed, a statute
... from chaqaq Definition something prescribed or owed, a statute NASB Word Usage
allotment (5), boundaries (1), boundary (2), conditions (1), custom (1), decree ...
/hebrew/2706.htm - 6k

1093. belo -- tribute
... 1092, 1093. belo. 1094 . tribute. Transliteration: belo Phonetic Spelling:
(bel-o') Short Definition: custom. Word Origin (Aramaic ...
/hebrew/1093.htm - 6k

2708. chuqqah -- something prescribed, an enactment, statute
... 62), statutory (2). appointed, custom, manner, ordinance, site, statute. Feminine
of choq, and meaning substantially the same -- appointed ...
/hebrew/2708.htm - 6k

1983. halak -- a toll
... custom. (Aramaic) from halak; properly, a journey, ie (by implication) toll on goods
at a road -- custom. see HEBREW halak. 1982, 1983. halak. 1984 . ...
/hebrew/1983.htm - 6k

1870. derek -- way, road, distance, journey, manner
... wherever* (1). along, away, because of, by, conversation, custom, eastward,
journey,. From darak; a road (as trodden); figuratively ...
/hebrew/1870.htm - 6k

8442. toah -- a wandering, error
... Word Origin from the same as toebah Definition a wandering, error NASB Word Usage
disturbance (1), error (1). abominable custom, thing, abomination. ...
/hebrew/8442.htm - 6k

8452. torah -- law
... Word Origin probably fem. of tor, qv. law Probably feminine of towr; a custom --
manner. see HEBREW towr. 8451, 8452. torah. 8453 . Strong's Numbers.
/hebrew/8452.htm - 5k

1697. dabar -- speech, word
... 1), concerning* (3), conclusion* (1), conditions (1), conduct (2), conferred (1),
consultation (1), conversation (1), counsel (1), custom (1), customs (1 ...
/hebrew/1697.htm - 8k

6901. qabal -- to receive, take
... root Definition to receive, take NASB Word Usage accept (4), accepted (1), made
a custom (1), opposite (2), received (2), take (1), took (1), undertook (1). ...
/hebrew/6901.htm - 6k

Bondage of Custom. February 4.
... Bondage of Custom. ... Strive all your life to free men from the bondage of custom and
self, the two great elements of the world that lieth in wickedness. MS. ...
/.../kingsley/daily thoughts /bondage of custom february 4.htm

Custom in Sin.
... From the 70th to the 109th Hymn, I hope the reader will forgive the neglect of the
rhyme in the first and third lines of the stanza. Hymn 2:160. Custom in sin. ...
/.../watts/hymns and spiritual songs/hymn 0 194444444 custom in sin.htm

Whether Custom Can Obtain Force of Law?
... OF CHANGE IN LAWS (FOUR ARTICLES) Whether custom can obtain force of law? Objection
1: It would seem that custom cannot obtain force of law, nor abolish a law. ...
/.../aquinas/summa theologica/whether custom can obtain force.htm

Truth and Custom.
... Homily IV. Chapter XI."Truth and Custom. "There is a certain great
difference, O men of Greece, between truth and custom. For ...
/.../unknown/the clementine homilies/chapter xi truth and custom.htm

Of the Custom which is Kept up in the Province of Egypt for ...
... II. Second Conference of Abbot Moses. Chapter II. Of the custom which is kept
up in the Province of Egypt for signifying the time of Easter. ...
/.../cassian/the works of john cassian /chapter ii of the custom.htm

Fragment vii. This Custom of not Bending the Knee Upon Sunday...
... Fragment VII. This custom of not bending the knee upon Sunday? This [4811]
[custom], of not bending the knee upon Sunday, is a ...
/.../fragments from the lost writings of irenaeus/fragment vii this custom of.htm

Of the Custom of Set Appointed Retreats for Meditation...
... MEDITATION. CHAPTER IV. Of the custom of set appointed Retreats for Meditation?
Sec. 1. Of the custom of set appointed Retreats for Meditation, &c. Sec. ...
/.../chapter iv of the custom.htm

Custom in Sin.
... Hymns, Book II HYMN 160 Custom in sin. LM Custom in sin. Let the wild leopards
of the wood. Put off the spots that nature gives,. ...
/.../watts/the psalms and hymns of isaac watts/hymn 160 custom in sin.htm

Custom is Indeed in Everything Hard to Resist. ...
... II."Ascetic and Moral. Chapter IX. Custom is indeed in everything hard
to resist.? Custom is indeed in everything hard to resist. ...
/.../gregory/gregory of nyssa dogmatic treatises etc/chapter ix custom is indeed.htm

Of the Custom of Having Twelve Prayers.
... Prolegomena. Chapter VI. Of the Custom of having Twelve Prayers. Whereupon
the venerable assembly of the Fathers understood that ...
/.../cassian/the works of john cassian /chapter vi of the custom.htm

Custom (51 Occurrences)
... had their stations at the gates of cities, and in the public highways, and at the
place set apart for that purpose, called the "receipt of custom" (Matthew 9: 9 ...
/c/custom.htm - 28k

Manners (6 Occurrences)
... Testament: "Manner" (probably from manus, "the hand," mode of handling things, or
acting) is in the Bible in general equivalent (1) to way, custom, habit, etc ...
/m/manners.htm - 17k

Manner (351 Occurrences)
... Testament: "Manner" (probably from manus, "the hand," mode of handling things, or
acting) is in the Bible in general equivalent (1) to way, custom, habit, etc ...
/m/manner.htm - 45k

Receipt (3 Occurrences)
... paid. Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia. RECEIPT OF CUSTOM. re-set. See CUSTOM.
Multi-Version Concordance Receipt (3 Occurrences). Matthew ...
/r/receipt.htm - 8k

Gleaning (10 Occurrences)
... glen'-ing (laqat, `alal): The custom of allowing the poor to follow the reapers
in the field and glean the fallen spears of grain is strikingly illustrated in ...
/g/gleaning.htm - 12k

Fashion (24 Occurrences)
... 2. (n.) The prevailing mode or style, especially of dress; custom or conventional
usage in respect of dress, behavior, etiquette, etc.; particularly, the mode ...
/f/fashion.htm - 21k

Shoe-latchet (1 Occurrence)
... Ruth 4:7 states as a "custom in former times in Israel," that when any bargain was
closed "a man drew off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbor." This was of ...
/s/shoe-latchet.htm - 12k

Shoelatchet (1 Occurrence)
... Ruth 4:7 states as a "custom in former times in Israel," that when any bargain was
closed "a man drew off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbor." This was of ...
/s/shoelatchet.htm - 12k

Altar (343 Occurrences)
... Distinction II. LAY ALTARS 1. Pre-Mosaic 2. In the Mosaic Age 3. Dangers
of the Custom 4. The Mosaic Provisions III. HORNED ALTARS ...
/a/altar.htm - 78k

Banquet (58 Occurrences)
... John 12:2). These meals were in the days of Christ usually called "suppers," after
the custom of the Romans, and were partaken of toward the close of the day. ...
/b/banquet.htm - 36k

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Custom: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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