Definition:
Comparative judgment refers to the evaluation of individuals or groups by comparing their actions, beliefs, or spiritual states against one another, often in the context of divine judgment as depicted in the Bible. This concept is frequently explored in Scripture, where God assesses the righteousness or wickedness of people, sometimes in relation to others.

Biblical Context:
The Bible presents numerous instances where comparative judgment is evident, often highlighting the righteousness of one group or individual over another. This form of judgment underscores the moral and spiritual standards expected by God and serves as a warning or lesson to the faithful.

Old Testament Examples:
1. Sodom and Gomorrah: The cities of Sodom and Gomorrah are often used as benchmarks for wickedness. In Genesis 18:20-33, Abraham intercedes for Sodom, and God agrees to spare the city if ten righteous people can be found. This narrative illustrates comparative judgment by contrasting the righteousness of a few against the wickedness of many.

2. Israel and the Nations: Throughout the Old Testament, Israel is frequently compared to surrounding nations. In Deuteronomy 9:4-6, God reminds Israel that they are not receiving the Promised Land due to their righteousness but because of the wickedness of the nations being judged. This comparison serves to humble Israel and emphasize God's sovereign choice.

New Testament Examples:
1. The Pharisee and the Tax Collector: In Luke 18:9-14, Jesus tells the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector praying in the temple. The Pharisee boasts of his righteousness compared to others, while the tax collector humbly asks for mercy. Jesus concludes that the tax collector, not the Pharisee, is justified before God, highlighting the dangers of self-righteous comparative judgment.

2. Cities of Galilee: In Matthew 11:20-24, Jesus pronounces woes on the cities of Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum for their unbelief despite witnessing His miracles. He compares them unfavorably to Tyre, Sidon, and Sodom, suggesting that these latter cities would have repented had they seen the same works. This comparison underscores the greater accountability of those who have received more revelation.

Theological Implications:
Comparative judgment in the Bible serves several purposes. It highlights God's justice and impartiality, as He judges each according to their deeds and the light they have received. It also serves as a moral and spiritual lesson, encouraging believers to pursue righteousness and humility rather than self-righteousness or complacency.

Warnings Against Misuse:
Scripture warns against improper use of comparative judgment among believers. In Matthew 7:1-5, Jesus cautions against judging others hypocritically, urging individuals to first examine their own lives. Similarly, in Romans 14:10-13, Paul advises believers not to judge one another over disputable matters, reminding them that all will stand before God's judgment seat.

Conclusion:
While comparative judgment is a biblical concept used to illustrate divine justice and moral lessons, it is also a reminder of the need for humility and self-examination. Believers are encouraged to focus on their own spiritual growth and to trust in God's perfect judgment.