The Conquest of Jerusalem is a significant event in biblical history, marking the transition of the city into the hands of the Israelites under King David. This event is pivotal in establishing Jerusalem as the political and spiritual center of Israel.

Historical Context

Jerusalem, known as Jebus at the time, was inhabited by the Jebusites, a Canaanite tribe. The city was strategically located on a hill, making it a formidable fortress. Despite its central location in the Promised Land, Jerusalem remained unconquered during the initial Israelite settlement under Joshua. The Jebusites continued to inhabit the city, as noted in Joshua 15:63: "But the descendants of Judah could not drive out the Jebusites who lived in Jerusalem. So to this day, the Jebusites live there with the descendants of Judah."

David's Conquest

The conquest of Jerusalem is detailed in 2 Samuel 5:6-10 and 1 Chronicles 11:4-9. After being anointed king over all Israel, David sought to establish a capital that was centrally located and politically neutral. Jerusalem, situated on the border between the tribes of Benjamin and Judah, was an ideal choice.

2 Samuel 5:6-7 recounts the event: "Now the king and his men marched to Jerusalem against the Jebusites who inhabited the land. And the Jebusites said to David, 'You will never get in here; even the blind and lame can repel you,' thinking, 'David cannot get in here.' Nevertheless, David captured the fortress of Zion (that is, the City of David)."

David's men, led by Joab, accessed the city through the water shaft, a strategic move that caught the Jebusites by surprise. This victory was not only a military success but also a fulfillment of God's promise to give the Israelites the land of Canaan.

Significance of Jerusalem

Following the conquest, David established Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, calling it the City of David. He built his palace there and later brought the Ark of the Covenant to the city, as described in 2 Samuel 6. This act solidified Jerusalem's status as the religious heart of Israel, a place where God's presence dwelled among His people.

Jerusalem's significance is further highlighted in Psalm 132:13-14 : "For the LORD has chosen Zion; He has desired it for His home: 'This is My resting place forever and ever; here I will dwell, for I have desired this home.'"

Theological Implications

The conquest of Jerusalem is seen as a divine act, orchestrated by God to establish His chosen king and city. It symbolizes God's faithfulness to His covenant with Israel, providing them with a land and a leader after His own heart. David's establishment of Jerusalem as the capital foreshadows the coming of the Messiah, who would reign from the city and bring spiritual salvation to all nations.

Legacy

The conquest of Jerusalem set the stage for its central role in biblical history. It became the site of Solomon's Temple, the center of Jewish worship, and later, the focal point of Jesus' ministry and crucifixion. Jerusalem remains a city of profound religious significance, revered by Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike.