The coronation of David as king is a pivotal event in the biblical narrative, marking the transition from the rule of Saul to the establishment of the Davidic dynasty. This event is chronicled in the books of 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel, providing a detailed account of David's rise to power and his anointing as king over Israel.

Background and Anointing by Samuel

David's journey to kingship begins with his anointing by the prophet Samuel. After God rejected Saul as king due to his disobedience, He instructed Samuel to anoint a new king from the sons of Jesse of Bethlehem. In 1 Samuel 16:12-13 , it is recorded: "So Jesse sent for his youngest son and brought him in. He was ruddy, with beautiful eyes and a handsome appearance. And the LORD said, 'Rise and anoint him, for he is the one.' So Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the presence of his brothers, and the Spirit of the LORD rushed upon David from that day forward."

David's Rise to Power

David's path to the throne was fraught with challenges, including his service in Saul's court, his friendship with Jonathan, and his eventual flight from Saul's jealousy. Despite these trials, David's reputation as a warrior and leader grew, culminating in his leadership of a band of loyal followers.

Coronation as King of Judah

Following the death of Saul and his sons in battle, David inquired of the Lord and was directed to go to Hebron. There, the men of Judah anointed him as king over the house of Judah. This is recorded in 2 Samuel 2:4 : "Then the men of Judah came to Hebron and anointed David king over the house of Judah."

Coronation as King of All Israel

David's rule over Judah lasted seven and a half years before he was recognized as king over all Israel. The elders of Israel came to David at Hebron, acknowledging his leadership and God's promise to him. In 2 Samuel 5:3 , it is written: "So all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, and King David made a covenant with them at Hebron before the LORD. And they anointed David king over Israel."

Significance of David's Coronation

David's coronation as king over all Israel is significant for several reasons. It marks the unification of the tribes under a single monarch, establishing Jerusalem as the political and spiritual center of Israel. David's reign is characterized by military conquests, the establishment of a centralized government, and the preparation for the building of the Temple, which his son Solomon would later complete.

The coronation of David is also seen as a fulfillment of God's covenant promises, as David's lineage is chosen to bring forth the Messiah, Jesus Christ, who is often referred to as the "Son of David" in the New Testament. This event underscores the themes of divine election, covenant faithfulness, and the establishment of God's kingdom on earth through His chosen servant.