The renewal of the covenant between Jonathan and David is a significant event in the biblical narrative, highlighting themes of friendship, loyalty, and divine providence. This event is recorded in 1 Samuel 20, where the deep bond between Jonathan, the son of King Saul, and David, the future king of Israel, is further solidified amidst the growing tension and hostility from Saul towards David.

Context and Background

David, having been anointed by the prophet Samuel as the future king of Israel, finds himself in a precarious position due to King Saul's increasing jealousy and attempts on his life. Despite Saul's animosity, Jonathan, Saul's son, forms a close and covenantal friendship with David. This relationship is marked by mutual respect, love, and a shared commitment to God's purposes.

The Covenant Renewal

In 1 Samuel 20, David seeks assurance of his safety and the intentions of Saul. He approaches Jonathan, expressing his fear for his life: "What have I done? What is my guilt? How have I sinned against your father, that he wants to take my life?" (1 Samuel 20:1). Jonathan, unaware of his father's plans, reassures David of his loyalty and promises to uncover Saul's true intentions.

The two friends devise a plan to discern Saul's disposition towards David. Jonathan would gauge his father's reaction during the New Moon festival, where David's absence would be noted. Depending on Saul's response, Jonathan would signal David about his safety or danger.

Before parting, Jonathan and David renew their covenant, a solemn agreement that underscores their commitment to each other and their respective families. Jonathan declares, "May the LORD be with you as He has been with my father. And if I remain alive, may you show me the loving devotion of the LORD, that I may not die, and do not ever cut off your loving devotion from my household—not even when the LORD cuts off every one of David’s enemies from the face of the earth" (1 Samuel 20:13-15). This covenant not only affirms their friendship but also acknowledges God's overarching plan for David's future kingship.

The Outcome

Jonathan's loyalty is tested when Saul's anger becomes evident. Saul's wrath is kindled against Jonathan for siding with David, even attempting to harm his own son. Jonathan, realizing the danger David is in, communicates the peril through a prearranged signal involving arrows, as agreed upon with David.

The emotional farewell between Jonathan and David is a poignant moment, reflecting the depth of their bond. "Then they kissed each other and wept together—but David wept more" (1 Samuel 20:41). Their parting words reaffirm their covenant: "Go in peace, for we have sworn friendship with each other in the name of the LORD, saying, 'The LORD is witness between you and me, and between your descendants and my descendants forever'" (1 Samuel 20:42).

Significance

The renewal of the covenant between Jonathan and David is a testament to the power of godly friendship and loyalty. It illustrates the importance of faithfulness to God's anointed and the recognition of divine sovereignty in the unfolding of Israel's history. Jonathan's willingness to support David, despite the personal cost, exemplifies a selfless commitment to God's will, foreshadowing the eventual establishment of David's reign and the fulfillment of God's promises to Israel.