The Lord's Supper, also known as Communion or the Eucharist, is a central rite in Christian worship, instituted by Jesus Christ during the Last Supper with His disciples. This sacrament commemorates the sacrificial death of Jesus and His resurrection, serving as a profound expression of faith and unity among believers.

Biblical Foundation

The institution of the Lord's Supper is recorded in the Synoptic Gospels and the writings of the Apostle Paul. In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus shares the Passover meal with His disciples, taking bread, giving thanks, breaking it, and giving it to them, saying, "Take and eat; this is My body" (Matthew 26:26). He then takes the cup, gives thanks, and offers it to them, saying, "Drink from it, all of you. This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins" (Matthew 26:27-28).

Similarly, in the Gospel of Mark, Jesus declares, "This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many" (Mark 14:24). Luke's account adds the instruction, "Do this in remembrance of Me" (Luke 22:19), emphasizing the commemorative aspect of the rite.

The Apostle Paul provides further theological insight in his first letter to the Corinthians. He recounts the words of Jesus, affirming the practice as a proclamation of the Lord's death until He comes (1 Corinthians 11:26). Paul also warns against partaking in an unworthy manner, urging self-examination and discernment of the body of Christ (1 Corinthians 11:27-29).

Theological Significance

The Lord's Supper holds deep theological significance, symbolizing the New Covenant established through Christ's atoning sacrifice. The bread and wine represent the body and blood of Jesus, signifying His real presence among believers. This sacrament serves as a means of grace, strengthening the faith of participants and fostering spiritual communion with Christ.

The Lord's Supper also underscores the unity of the Church, as believers partake together, acknowledging their shared faith and common salvation. It is a visible expression of the body of Christ, transcending cultural and denominational boundaries.

Liturgical Practice

The observance of the Lord's Supper varies among Christian traditions, but it generally involves the consecration of bread and wine, followed by their distribution to the congregation. Some traditions emphasize the sacrificial aspect, while others focus on the memorial or thanksgiving elements.

Frequency of observance ranges from weekly to monthly or quarterly, depending on denominational practices. Regardless of frequency, the Lord's Supper remains a vital component of Christian worship, inviting believers to reflect on the redemptive work of Christ and their relationship with Him.

Historical Context

The early Church celebrated the Lord's Supper as part of a communal meal, known as the "Agape feast" or "love feast." Over time, the rite became more formalized, with distinct liturgical elements. Theological debates, particularly during the Reformation, led to diverse interpretations regarding the presence of Christ in the elements, resulting in various doctrinal positions such as transubstantiation, consubstantiation, and memorialism.

Despite these differences, the Lord's Supper remains a unifying practice, drawing believers into a deeper understanding of Christ's sacrifice and the hope of His return.Lords Supper

The words which thus describe the great central act of the worship of the Christian Church occur but in a single passage of the New Testament -- (1 Corinthians 11:20)

1. Its institution . --It was instituted on that night when Jesus and his disciples met together to eat the passover, (Matthew 26:19; Mark 14:16; Luke 22:13) (on Thursday evening, April 6, A.D. 30). It was probably instituted at the third cup (the cup of blessing) of the passover [see on PASSOVER], Jesus taking one of the unleavened cakes used at the feast and breaking it and giving it to his disciples with the cup. The narratives of the Gospels show how strongly the disciples were impressed with the words which had given a new meaning to the old familiar acts. They had looked on the bread and the wine as memorials of the deliverance from Egypt. They were not told to partake of them "in remembrance" of their Master and Lord. The words "This is my body" gave to the unleavened bread a new character. They had been prepared for language that would otherwise have been so startling, by the teaching of John ch. (John 6:32-58) and they were thus taught to see in the bread that was broken the witness of the closest possible union and incorporation with their Lord. The cup, which was "the new testament in his blood," would remind them, in like manner, of the wonderful prophecy in which that new covenant had been foretold. (Jeremiah 31:31-34) "Gradually and progressively he had prepared the minds of his disciples to realize the idea of his death as a sacrifice. he now gathers up all previous announcements in the institution of this sacrament." --Cambridge Bible. The festival had been annual. No rule was given as to the time and frequency of the new feast that thus supervened on the old, but the command "Do this as oft as ye drink it," (1 Corinthians 11:25) suggested the more continual recurrence of that which was to be their memorial of one whom they would wish never to forget. Luke, in the Acts, describes the baptized members of the Church as continuing steadfast in or to the teaching of the apostles, in fellowship with them and with each other, and in breaking of bread and in prayers. (Acts 2:42) We can scarcely doubt that this implies that the chief actual meal of each day was one in which they met as brothers, and which was either preceded or followed by the more solemn commemorative acts of the breaking of the bread and the drinking of the cup. It will be convenient to anticipate the language and the thoughts of a somewhat later date, and to say that, apparently, they thus united every day the Agape or feast of love with the celebration of the Eucharist. At some time, before or after the meal of which they partook as such, the bread and the wine would be given with some special form of words or acts, to indicate its character. New converts would need some explanation of the meaning and origin of the observance. What would be so fitting and so much in harmony with the precedents of the paschal feast as the narrative of what had passed ont he night of its institution? (1 Corinthians 11:23-27)
2. Its significance. --The Lord's Supper is a reminder of the leading truths of the gospel: (1) Salvation, like this bread, is the gift of God's love. (2) We are reminded of the life of Christ --all he was and did and said. (3) We are reminded, as by the passover, of the grievous bondage of sin from which Christ redeems us. (4) It holds up the atonement, the body of Christ broken, his blood shed, for us. (5) In Christ alone is forgiveness and salvation from sin, the first need of the soul. (6) Christ is the food of the soul. (7) We must partake by faith, or it will be of no avail. (8) We are taught to distribute to one another the spiritual blessings God gives us. (9) By this meal our daily bread is sanctified. (10) The most intimate communion with God in Christ. (11) Communion with one another. (12) It is a feast of joy. "Nothing less than the actual joy of heaven is above it." (13) It is a prophecy of Christ's second coming, of the perfect triumph of his kingdom. (14) It is holding up before the world the cross of Christ; not a selfish gathering of a few saints, but a proclamation of the Saviour for all. Why did Christ ordain bread to be used in the Lord's Supper, and not a lamb ? Canon Walsham How replies, "Because the types and shadows were to cease when the real Sacrifice was come. There was to be no more shedding of blood when once his all-prevailing blood was shed. There must be nothing which might cast a doubt upon the all-sufficiency of that. " (Then, the Lamb being sacrificed once for all, what is needed is to teach the world that Christ is now the bread of life. Perhaps also it was because bread was more easily provided, and fitted thus more easily to be a part of the universal ordinance. --ED.)
3. Was it a permanent ordinance --"Do this in remembrance of me? points to a permanent institution. The command is therefore binding on all who believe in Christ; and disobedience to it is sin, for the unbelief that keeps men away is one of the worst of sins." --Prof. Riddle. "The subsequent practice of the apostles, (Acts 2:42,46; 20:7) and still more the fact that directions for the Lord's Supper were made a matter of special revelation to Paul, (1 Corinthians 11:23) seem to make it clear that Christ intended the ordinance for a perpetual one, and that his apostles so understood it." --Abbott.
4. Method of observance. --"The original supper was taken in a private house, an upper chamber, at night, around a table, reclining, women excluded, only the ordained apostles admitted. None of these conditions are maintained to-day by any Christian sect." But it must be kept with the same spirit and purpose now as then.

On the Supper of the Lord
... FIFTH PART ON THE SUPPER OF THE LORD. QUERY. " Is not the proximate and most
appropriate, and, therefore, the immediate end of the Lords Supper, both as it ...
/.../arminius/the works of james arminius vol 2/on the supper of the.htm

The Gospel of Mark
... The passover is eaten and the Lords supper instituted, 14:12-25: In Gethsemane
follows bitter agony and captivity, 14: 26-52. Then ...
/.../drummond/introduction to the new testament/the gospel of mark.htm

A Letter Addressed to Hippolytus a Collibus
... Free Will, the Grace of God, Christ and his Satisfaction, Justification, Faith and
Repentance, Regeneration, the Baptism of Infants, the Lords Supper, and On ...
/.../arminius/the works of james arminius vol 2/a letter addressed to hippolytus.htm

Article xxii (X): of Both Kinds in the Lord's Supper.
... And, indeed, he says before that those who will use the Lord's Supper should use
both. ... [That, surely, sounds proud and defiant enough.] But [my lords, may we ...
/.../melanchthon/the apology of the augsburg confession/part 27 article xxii x .htm

Of the Subject to whom to the Key of Church Priviledge, Power, or ...
... 1. By way of Participation, the members of one Church, occasionally comming to another
Church, where the Lords Supper commeth to be administered, are willingly ...
/.../chap iiii of the subject.htm

The Means of Grace
... Thirdly. All who desire an increase of the grace of God are to wait for it in partaking
of the Lords Supper: For this also is a direction himself hath given. ...
/.../wesley/sermons on several occasions/sermon 16 the means of.htm

The First Epistle to the Corinthians
... other evils that were found in the church, such as the case of incest and the
irregularities that disgraced their Agapae, which culminated in the Lords Supper. ...
/.../drummond/introduction to the new testament/the first epistle to the.htm

Concerning the Lord's Supper
... But suppose me to be standing on the other side and questioning my lords the papists.
In the Supper of the Lord, the whole sacrament, or the sacrament in both ...
/.../luther/first principles of the reformation/concerning the lords supper.htm

Of the Distribution of the Keys, and their Power, or of the ...
... all authoritie, not onely the doctrine of the Law, but also the Covenant of the
Gospel so they administer the seals thereof, Baptisme, and the Lords Supper. ...
/.../chap ii of the distribution.htm

The Gospels in General
... He does not describe the institution of the Lords supper in his Gospel; yet he clearly
assumes in 6: 5 1-58 that his readers were acquainted with it. ...
/.../drummond/introduction to the new testament/the gospels in general.htm

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