Topical Bible: Commissary for Armies, Cattle Driven With

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In the context of ancient Israel and biblical warfare, the concept of a commissary for armies, particularly involving cattle driven with the forces, is a significant aspect of logistical support. The Bible provides various insights into how armies were provisioned, with cattle playing a crucial role in sustaining the troops during military campaigns.

Biblical Context and Examples

The provision of food and supplies for armies is a recurring theme in the Old Testament. The Israelites, during their wilderness wanderings and subsequent military campaigns, relied heavily on livestock as a primary source of sustenance. Cattle, sheep, and goats were not only valuable for their meat but also for their milk and hides, which could be used for various purposes.

One notable example is found in the account of David's rise to power. As David gathered support and prepared for battle, he received provisions from various supporters. In 1 Samuel 25:18, Abigail, the wife of Nabal, provided David with a substantial gift, including "two hundred loaves of bread, two skins of wine, five dressed sheep, five seahs of roasted grain, a hundred cakes of raisins, and two hundred cakes of pressed figs." This passage highlights the importance of livestock and other foodstuffs in supporting military endeavors.

Similarly, during the reign of King Solomon, the organization and provisioning of the army were well-structured. Solomon's wealth and wisdom allowed him to maintain a large standing army, which required a steady supply of food. In 1 Kings 4:22-23, it is recorded that Solomon's daily provisions included "thirty cors of fine flour, sixty cors of meal, ten fat oxen, twenty pasture-fed cattle, a hundred sheep and goats, besides deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened fowl." This extensive list underscores the reliance on cattle and other livestock to sustain the military and royal household.

Logistical Considerations

The logistics of driving cattle with armies involved careful planning and management. Cattle had to be driven at a pace that matched the movement of the troops, ensuring that the animals remained healthy and fit for consumption. This required skilled herdsmen and a knowledge of the terrain to find suitable grazing and water sources along the route.

Moreover, the presence of cattle with the army served as a mobile food source, allowing for flexibility in campaign planning. In times of siege or extended operations, the ability to slaughter cattle for fresh meat was invaluable. This practice is reflected in the broader ancient Near Eastern military strategies, where livestock was a critical component of sustaining long-term military engagements.

Spiritual and Symbolic Significance

From a spiritual perspective, the provision of cattle and other resources for the army can be seen as a manifestation of God's providence and blessing. The successful management and multiplication of livestock were often viewed as signs of divine favor. In Deuteronomy 28:4, the blessings for obedience include, "The fruit of your womb will be blessed, as well as the produce of your land and the offspring of your livestock—the calves of your herds and the lambs of your flocks."

Furthermore, the use of cattle in sacrificial offerings underscores their spiritual significance. The peace offerings and burnt offerings often involved cattle, symbolizing atonement and fellowship with God. This dual role of cattle as both sustenance and sacrifice highlights their integral place in the life and faith of the Israelites.

In summary, the commissary for armies, particularly involving cattle driven with the forces, was a vital aspect of ancient military logistics. The biblical narrative provides numerous examples of how livestock supported military campaigns, reflecting both practical and spiritual dimensions of God's provision for His people.

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2 Kings 3:9
So the king of Israel went, and the king of Judah, and the king of Edom: and they fetched a compass of seven days' journey: and there was no water for the host, and for the cattle that followed them.
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