Geology, the study of the Earth, its materials, and the processes acting upon them, finds various references and implications within the Holy Scriptures. The Bible, while not a scientific textbook, provides insights into the creation and structure of the Earth, reflecting the divine order and purpose established by God.

Creation of the Earth

The foundational scripture concerning the Earth's creation is found in Genesis 1:1-2 : "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters." This passage establishes God as the ultimate Creator, who brought the Earth into existence from a state of chaos, shaping it with divine intention.

The Earth's Foundations

The Bible often speaks metaphorically of the Earth's foundations, emphasizing stability and divine craftsmanship. In Job 38:4-6 , God challenges Job, saying, "Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth? Tell Me, if you have understanding. Who fixed its measurements? Surely you know! Or who stretched a measuring line across it? On what were its foundations set, or who laid its cornerstone?" These verses highlight the precision and intentionality of God's creation, suggesting a structured and ordered Earth.

Mountains and Valleys

Scripture frequently references mountains and valleys, illustrating both physical geography and spiritual truths. Psalm 104:5-8 states, "He set the earth on its foundations, never to be moved. You covered it with the deep like a garment; the waters stood above the mountains. At Your rebuke the waters fled; at the sound of Your thunder they hurried away— the mountains rose and the valleys sank to the place You appointed for them." This passage reflects the dynamic processes that shape the Earth's surface, under God's sovereign control.

Rocks and Minerals

The Bible acknowledges the presence and significance of rocks and minerals, often using them symbolically. Deuteronomy 32:13 speaks of God's provision: "He let him ride on the heights of the land and fed him with the produce of the fields. He nourished him with honey from the rock and oil from the flinty crag." Here, rocks are depicted as sources of sustenance and blessing, underscoring their value in God's creation.

Earthquakes and Natural Phenomena

Natural phenomena, such as earthquakes, are mentioned in the Bible as manifestations of God's power and judgment. In Matthew 27:51 , during the crucifixion of Jesus, it is recorded, "At that moment the veil of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth quaked, and the rocks were split." Such events are portrayed as significant, often accompanying divine acts or revelations.

The Earth's Age and Permanence

While the Bible does not provide a specific age for the Earth, it affirms its enduring nature under God's providence. Ecclesiastes 1:4 declares, "Generations come and generations go, but the earth remains forever." This verse suggests a continuity and permanence to the Earth, consistent with God's eternal plan.

Conclusion

The Bible, through its various books and authors, presents a view of the Earth that is deeply intertwined with divine purpose and order. While not a scientific account, the Scriptures offer a theological perspective on the Earth's creation, structure, and significance, affirming God's sovereignty over all creation.Genesis 1:9,10
And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together to one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.
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1 Samuel 2:8
He raises up the poor out of the dust, and lifts up the beggar from the dunghill, to set them among princes, and to make them inherit the throne of glory: for the pillars of the earth are the LORD's, and he has set the world on them.
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2 Samuel 22:16
And the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations of the world were discovered, at the rebuking of the LORD, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils.
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Job 12:8,9
Or speak to the earth, and it shall teach you: and the fishes of the sea shall declare to you.
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Job 28:9-11
He puts forth his hand on the rock; he overturns the mountains by the roots.
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Psalm 18:15
Then the channels of waters were seen, and the foundations of the world were discovered at your rebuke, O LORD, at the blast of the breath of your nostrils.
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Psalm 24:1,2
The earth is the LORD's, and the fullness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein.
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Psalm 104:5-13
Who laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be removed for ever.
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Psalm 136:6
To him that stretched out the earth above the waters: for his mercy endures for ever.
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Proverbs 30:4
Who has ascended up into heaven, or descended? who has gathered the wind in his fists? who has bound the waters in a garment? who has established all the ends of the earth? what is his name, and what is his son's name, if you can tell?
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Jeremiah 31:37
Thus said the LORD; If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, said the LORD.
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Habakkuk 3:9
Your bow was made quite naked, according to the oaths of the tribes, even your word. Selah. You did split the earth with rivers.
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2 Peter 3:5-7
For this they willingly are ignorant of, that by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of the water and in the water:
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Secret Study of the Holy Scriptures.
... of Sinai has amply shown that the geology of the ... by the lack of personal acquaintance
with the Scriptures. ... What created beings in general are of course, God's ...
/.../moule/to my younger brethren/chapter iii secret study of.htm

Preliminary
... beyond reasonable doubt; and while, in general, the methods ... down to the level of
the scriptures of the ... by reference to modern astronomy, geology, and biology. ...
/.../mcconnell/understanding the scriptures/chapter i preliminary.htm

The Old Testament and Modern Science
... or creation in general.[5] The general conclusion reached ... the information furnished
by the Scriptures, the date ... Then came geology, pushing back the "beginnings ...
/.../the christian view of the old testament/chapter ii the old testament.htm

The Essay which Brings up the Rear in this Very Guilty Volume is ...
... The general design of Scripture," (says Bishop Butler,) "may be said ... Prophets, He
expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself [188 ...
/.../burgon/inspiration and interpretation/vii the essay which brings.htm

Interpretation of Holy Scripture. --Inspired Interpretation. --The ...
... own private fancies, than to a general consensus of ... pliability as will make His own
Scriptures mean anything ... the still-imperfect science of Geology," (says Dr ...
/.../burgon/inspiration and interpretation/sermon v interpretation of holy.htm

In the Present Crusade against the Bible and the Faith of ...
... some of the divisions of the Old Testament Scriptures are as ... With one general reflexion,
I pass on to the next ... of Creation, (as the phenomena of Geology may I ...
/.../burgon/inspiration and interpretation/v in the present crusade.htm

The Permanent Significance of the Old Testament
... in the use of the Old Testament Scriptures? ... Aside from these general considerations,
it is easily ... go to recent textbooks in astronomy, geology, and paleontology ...
/.../chapter vi the permanent significance.htm

The Talking Book
... but as nobody knows anything yet about geology"for its ... a more honest, industrious,
and general reading of ... back again to search the Scriptures whether these ...
//christianbookshelf.org/spurgeon/sermons on proverbs/the talking book.htm

The Talking Book
... but, as nobody knows anything yet about geology"for its ... a more honest, industrious,
and general reading of ... back again, to search the Scriptures whether these ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 17 1871/the talking book.htm

Introduction
... we actually have in the Scriptures is just ... In reality this general trait of opposition
to ... Modern optics, acoustics, chemistry, geology, zoology, psychology and ...
/.../chapter i introduction.htm

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