Penuel, also spelled as Peniel in some translations, is a biblical figure mentioned in the genealogical records of the tribe of Judah. He is identified as the chief of Gedor, a town or region within the territory allotted to Judah. The name Penuel means "face of God," which is significant in biblical contexts, often associated with divine encounters and blessings.

Biblical Reference:

Penuel is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:4, which states: "Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem."

This passage situates Penuel within the genealogical framework of the tribe of Judah, linking him to notable figures such as Hur and Ephrathah. Hur is recognized as a prominent leader during the time of Moses, and Ephrathah is associated with the region around Bethlehem, which holds significant Messianic implications.

Historical and Theological Context:

The mention of Penuel as the chief of Gedor highlights the importance of tribal leadership and governance in ancient Israel. Chiefs or leaders like Penuel played crucial roles in maintaining the social and military structures of their respective clans and regions. Gedor, as a location, is mentioned in various contexts within the Old Testament, often associated with fortified cities and strategic military sites.

From a theological perspective, the genealogies in 1 Chronicles serve to establish the continuity of God's covenantal promises through the lineage of Judah. Penuel's inclusion in this lineage underscores the faithfulness of God in preserving His chosen people and the line through which the Messiah would eventually come.

Cultural and Genealogical Significance:

In the broader cultural context of the ancient Near East, genealogies were vital for establishing identity, inheritance rights, and social status. Penuel's role as a chief would have conferred upon him significant authority and responsibility within his community. His connection to Bethlehem, through the lineage of Hur and Ephrathah, further emphasizes the prophetic significance of this region as the birthplace of King David and, ultimately, Jesus Christ.

The genealogical records in 1 Chronicles, including the mention of Penuel, serve as a testament to the enduring legacy of the tribe of Judah. They reflect the intricate tapestry of relationships and divine providence that characterize the biblical narrative, pointing to the unfolding of God's redemptive plan throughout history.1 Chronicles 4:4
And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Bethlehem.
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