Verse (Click for Chapter) New International Version Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and father of Bethlehem. New Living Translation Penuel (the father of Gedor), and Ezer (the father of Hushah). These were the descendants of Hur (the firstborn of Ephrathah), the ancestor of Bethlehem. English Standard Version and Penuel fathered Gedor, and Ezer fathered Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem. Berean Standard Bible Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem. Berean Literal Bible And Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur the firstborn of Ephrathah the father of Bethlehem. King James Bible And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Bethlehem. New King James Version and Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah the father of Bethlehem. New American Standard Bible Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem. NASB 1995 Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem. NASB 1977 And Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem. Legacy Standard Bible Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem. Amplified Bible Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the eldest of Ephrathah (Ephrath), the father of Bethlehem. Berean Annotated Bible Penuel (facing God) was the father (founder) of Gedor (wall), and Ezer (treasure) was the father of Hushah (haste). These were the descendants of Hur (hole), the firstborn of Ephrathah (place of fruitfulness) and the father of Bethlehem (house of bread). Christian Standard Bible Penuel fathered Gedor, and Ezer fathered Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, Ephrathah’s firstborn and the father of Bethlehem: Holman Christian Standard Bible Penuel fathered Gedor, and Ezer fathered Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, Ephrathah’s firstborn and the father of Bethlehem: American Standard Version and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem. English Revised Version and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Beth-lehem. GOD'S WORD® Translation Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, who first settled Bethlehem. International Standard Version Penuel fathered Gedor and Ezer fathered Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, Ephrathah's firstborn, who fathered Bethlehem: NET Bible Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem. New Heart English Bible and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem. Webster's Bible Translation And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephratah, the father of Beth-lehem. Majority Text Translations Majority Standard BiblePenuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem. World English Bible Penuel was the father of Gedor and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem. Literal Translations Literal Standard Versionand Penuel [is] father of Gedor, and Ezer father of Hushah. These [are] sons of Hur, firstborn of Ephratah, father of Beth-Lehem. Berean Literal Bible And Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur the firstborn of Ephrathah the father of Bethlehem. Young's Literal Translation and Penuel is father of Gedor, and Ezer father of Hushah. These are sons of Hur, first-born of Ephratah, father of Beth-Lehem. Smith's Literal Translation And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephratah, the father of the house of bread. Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleAnd Phanuel the father of Gedor, and Ezar the father of Hosa, these are the sons of Hur the firstborn of Ephratha the father of Bethlehem. Catholic Public Domain Version Now Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratha, the father of Bethlehem. New American Bible Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem. New Revised Standard Version and Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These were the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah, the father of Bethlehem. Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BiblePegoael and Hoshiah, these are the sons of Hur, the first-born of Ephratah, whose father was of Beth-lehem. Peshitta Holy Bible Translated And Peguyel and Khushiya, and these are the sons of Khur, the firstborn of Aphrath, whose father was from Bayth Lekhem. OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917and Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur the first-born of Ephrath, the father of Beth-lehem. Brenton Septuagint Translation And Phanuel the father of Gedor, and Jazer the father of Osan: these are the sons of Or, the first-born of Ephratha, the father of Baethalaen. Additional Translations ... Audio Bible Context Other Descendants of Judah…3These were the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. And their sister was named Hazzelelponi. 4Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem. 5Ashhur the father of Tekoa had two wives, Helah and Naarah.… Cross References Penuel was the father of Gedor, Genesis 32:30-31 So Jacob named the place Peniel, saying, “Indeed, I have seen God face to face, and yet my life was spared.” / The sun rose above him as he passed by Penuel, and he was limping because of his hip. Joshua 15:58 Halhul, Beth-zur, Gedor, Judges 8:8-9 From there he went up to Penuel and asked the same from them, but the men of Penuel gave the same response as the men of Succoth. / So Gideon told the men of Penuel, “When I return in triumph, I will tear down this tower!” and Ezer was the father of Hushah. 1 Chronicles 12:9 Ezer the chief, Obadiah the second in command, Eliab the third, 1 Chronicles 11:29 Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite, 2 Samuel 21:18 Some time later at Gob, there was another battle with the Philistines. At that time Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, a descendant of Rapha. These were the descendants of Hur, Exodus 31:2 “See, I have called by name Bezalel son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. 1 Chronicles 2:19-20 When Azubah died, Caleb married Ephrath, who bore to him Hur. / Hur was the father of Uri, and Uri was the father of Bezalel. Exodus 17:10-12 Joshua did as Moses had instructed him and fought against the Amalekites, while Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill. / As long as Moses held up his hands, Israel prevailed; but when he lowered them, Amalek prevailed. / When Moses’ hands grew heavy, they took a stone and put it under him, and he sat on it. Then Aaron and Hur held his hands up, one on each side, so that his hands remained steady until the sun went down. the firstborn of Ephrathah 1 Chronicles 2:50 These were the descendants of Caleb. The sons of Hur the firstborn of Ephrathah: Shobal the father of Kiriath-jearim, Genesis 35:19 So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem). Micah 5:2 But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, who are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come forth for Me One to be ruler over Israel—One whose origins are of old, from the days of eternity. and the father of Bethlehem. 1 Chronicles 2:51 Salma the father of Bethlehem, and Hareph the father of Beth-gader. 1 Samuel 16:1 Now the LORD said to Samuel, “How long are you going to mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him as king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil and go. I am sending you to Jesse of Bethlehem, for I have selected from his sons a king for Myself.” Ruth 1:1 In the days when the judges ruled, there was a famine in the land. And a certain man from Bethlehem in Judah, with his wife and two sons, went to reside in the land of Moab. Genesis 29:35 And once more she conceived and gave birth to a son and said, “This time I will praise the LORD.” So she named him Judah. Then Leah stopped having children. Treasury of Scripture And Penuel the father of Gedor, and Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Bethlehem. Gedor. 1 Chronicles 4:18,39 And his wife Jehudijah bare Jered the father of Gedor, and Heber the father of Socho, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah. And these are the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, which Mered took… Joshua 15:36 And Sharaim, and Adithaim, and Gederah, and Gederothaim; fourteen cities with their villages: Hur. 1 Chronicles 2:19,50 And when Azubah was dead, Caleb took unto him Ephrath, which bare him Hur… Jump to Previous Bethlehem Beth-Lehem Descendants Ephratah Ephrath Ephrathah Eph'rathah Ezer Firstborn First-Born Gedor Hur Oldest Penuel Penu'elJump to Next Bethlehem Beth-Lehem Descendants Ephratah Ephrath Ephrathah Eph'rathah Ezer Firstborn First-Born Gedor Hur Oldest Penuel Penu'el1 Chronicles 4 1. The posterity of Judah by Caleb, the son of Hur.5. Of Ashur, the posthumous son Hezron. 9. Of Jabez, and his prayer. 11. The other families of the same stock. 21. The sons of Shelah. 24. The posterity and cities of Simeon. 39. Their conquest of Gedor, and of the Amalekites in mount Seir. Penuel was the father of Gedor Penuel, a name meaning "face of God," is associated with a location where Jacob wrestled with God (Genesis 32:30). Gedor is a town in the hill country of Judah, mentioned in Joshua 15:58. It is significant in the tribal allotments of Judah, indicating the inheritance and settlement patterns of the Israelites. The mention of Penuel as the father of Gedor suggests a lineage that is rooted in the tribe of Judah, emphasizing the importance of family heritage and land inheritance in Israelite society. and Ezer was the father of Hushah These were the descendants of Hur the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem Persons / Places / Events 1. PenuelA descendant of Judah, mentioned as the father of Gedor. His name means "face of God" in Hebrew, which may signify a divine encounter or blessing in his lineage. 2. Gedor A place or possibly a person, associated with Penuel. Gedor is often mentioned in the context of the tribe of Judah and is thought to be a town in the hill country of Judah. 3. Ezer Another descendant of Judah, identified as the father of Hushah. His name means "help" in Hebrew, which could imply a role of support or strength within his family or community. 4. Hushah A descendant of Ezer, possibly a place or a person. The name is not widely mentioned elsewhere, indicating a more obscure lineage within the tribe of Judah. 5. Hur The firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem. Hur is a significant figure as his lineage is connected to the town of Bethlehem, which holds great importance in biblical history as the birthplace of King David and later, Jesus Christ. Teaching Points Significance of LineageThe genealogies in the Bible, such as those in 1 Chronicles, remind us of the importance of heritage and God's faithfulness through generations. Understanding our spiritual heritage can strengthen our faith and identity in Christ. God's Sovereignty in History The mention of specific individuals and places, like Bethlehem, shows God's hand in orchestrating history for His purposes. We can trust that God is sovereign over our lives and the events of the world. Obscure Yet Important Figures like Ezer and Hushah, though not widely known, played roles in God's plan. This teaches us that every person has value and purpose in God's kingdom, even if their contributions seem small or unnoticed. Bethlehem's Prophetic Role The connection to Bethlehem highlights the fulfillment of prophecy and God's plan of salvation through Jesus Christ. It encourages us to see the Bible as a unified account pointing to Christ. Bible Study Questions and Answers 1. What is the meaning of 1 Chronicles 4:4?2. How does 1 Chronicles 4:4 highlight the importance of family lineage in Scripture? 3. What can we learn about God's faithfulness through the lineage in 1 Chronicles 4:4? 4. How does the mention of "father of Tekoa" connect to other biblical narratives? 5. In what ways can we honor our spiritual heritage as seen in 1 Chronicles 4:4? 6. How does understanding genealogies enhance our appreciation for God's plan throughout the Bible? 7. What is the significance of 1 Chronicles 4:4 in the genealogy of Judah? 8. How does 1 Chronicles 4:4 contribute to understanding the lineage of David? 9. Why is Asher mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:4, and what is his role? 10. What are the top 10 Lessons from 1 Chronicles 4? 11. Is there any external verification for the groups listed in 1 Chronicles 4--especially those not mentioned elsewhere--suggesting they might be legendary or symbolic? 12. Are the lifespans and generational spans implied in 1 Chronicles 4 scientifically plausible, or do they represent mythical or symbolic timelines? 13. In 1 Chronicles 4:41, why is there no clear historical record of the destruction of these inhabitants, raising doubts about the event's authenticity? 14. In 1 Chronicles 18:4, how do we reconcile the figure of 7,000 horsemen with 2 Samuel 8:4, which mentions 1,700 instead? What Does 1 Chronicles 4:4 Mean Penuel was the father of Gedor• Genealogies in Chronicles are not filler; they anchor God’s promises to specific, traceable families. Penuel is introduced here as a real individual whose line established Gedor, a hill-country town later mentioned in Joshua 15:58 and 1 Chronicles 4:39–41. • The name Penuel recalls the place where Jacob said, “I have seen God face to face” (Genesis 32:30). While not the same person, the echo reminds us that encounters with the living God shape Israel’s story. • By listing Penuel first, the writer affirms that every settlement of Judah, even a lesser-known one like Gedor, arose under God’s providence and within covenant order. Ezer was the father of Hushah • A second branch appears: Ezer fathers Hushah. Hushah shows up again in 1 Chronicles 4:11–12, linked to skilled craftsmen. The text quietly celebrates the variety of roles—warriors, builders, artisans—that make up God’s people. • Other Ezers in Scripture (e.g., 1 Chronicles 12:9) were valiant fighters, hinting that this clan may also have served in Judah’s defense. • By pairing Penuel/Gedor with Ezer/Hushah, the verse displays balanced lineage: two fathers, two offspring, together filling Judah’s territory with households faithful to the Lord. These were the descendants of Hur • Hur first steps onto the stage during the battle with Amalek, supporting Moses’ hands (Exodus 17:10–12). His steadfastness there foreshadows a family marked by service. • He reappears in Exodus 24:14 as a trusted elder during Moses’ ascent of Sinai. Later, his grandson Bezalel (Exodus 31:2) leads the tabernacle’s construction. • By identifying Penuel and Ezer as Hur’s line, the Chronicler ties everyday town founders back to a man proven in worship, warfare, and leadership, underscoring that godly heritage influences generations. the firstborn of Ephrathah • Ephrathah (also called Ephrath, Genesis 35:19) is Caleb’s wife, making Hur Caleb’s firstborn (1 Chronicles 2:19–20). Firstborn status mattered: it carried double inheritance and family headship (Deuteronomy 21:17). • Mentioning “firstborn” confirms legitimacy and priority, ensuring readers that this line possessed rightful claim to lands around Bethlehem. • It also shows God honoring faithfulness through ordered succession—nothing random about who leads or inherits. and the father of Bethlehem • Bethlehem’s importance runs through Scripture: – Ruth 2:4 situates Boaz there, preparing the way for David. – 1 Samuel 16:1 identifies Bethlehem as David’s hometown. – Micah 5:2 prophesies, “But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah… out of you will come a ruler for Me.” – Luke 2:4–7 records Jesus’ birth there. • By linking Hur’s line to Bethlehem, the verse quietly bridges Chronicles’ audience to the coming King. What begins as a simple family note blossoms into messianic expectation, assuring readers that God weaves His redemptive plan through ordinary genealogies. summary 1 Chronicles 4:4 may appear as a brief registry, yet every phrase reveals God’s careful craftsmanship: two fathers founding towns, both descended from faithful Hur, the honored firstborn of Ephrathah, whose line anchors Bethlehem—the cradle of David and, ultimately, Christ. The verse upholds the reliability of Scripture’s historical record while inviting us to marvel at how the Lord threads His salvation purposes through family lines, small villages, and everyday obedience. (4) And Penuel the father of Gedor.--Penuel occurs as a trans-Jordan town in Judges 8:8, and elsewhere. Here a Judean town or clan is meant.Gedor.--See 1Chronicles 2:51, and Note; Joshua 15:58. Now the ruin called Jedur. Ezer the father of Hushah.--Ezer occurs as a name of clans and localities, as well as of persons. (Comp. Judges 7:24, Abi-ezri; 1Chronicles 8:2, Abi-ezer; and 1Samuel 4:1, Eben-ezer.) In 1Chronicles 12:9 and Nehemiah 3:19 it is a man's name. . . . Hebrew Penuelוּפְנוּאֵל֙ (ū·p̄ə·nū·’êl) Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 6439: Penuel -- 'face of God', a place East of the Jordan, also two Israelites was the father אֲבִ֣י (’ă·ḇî) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 1: Father of Gedor, גְדֹ֔ר (ḡə·ḏōr) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 1446: Gedor -- 'wall', three cities in Israel, also a Benjamite and Ezer וְעֵ֖זֶר (wə·‘ê·zer) Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 5829: Ezer -- 'help', three Israelites was the father of אֲבִ֣י (’ă·ḇî) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 1: Father Hushah. חוּשָׁ֑ה (ḥū·šāh) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 2364: Hushah -- perhaps a place in Judah These אֵ֤לֶּה (’êl·leh) Pronoun - common plural Strong's 428: These, those were the descendants בְנֵי־ (ḇə·nê-) Noun - masculine plural construct Strong's 1121: A son of Hur, חוּר֙ (ḥūr) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 2354: Hur -- four Israelites, also a Midianite the firstborn בְּכ֣וֹר (bə·ḵō·wr) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 1060: Firstborn, chief of Ephrath אֶפְרָ֔תָה (’ep̄·rā·ṯāh) Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 672: Ephrath -- an Israelite woman, also the name of several places in Palestine and the father אֲבִ֖י (’ă·ḇî) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 1: Father of Bethlehem: לָֽחֶם׃ (lā·ḥem) Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 1035: Bethlehem -- 'place of bread', a city in Judah, also a city in Zebulun Links 1 Chronicles 4:4 NIV1 Chronicles 4:4 NLT 1 Chronicles 4:4 ESV 1 Chronicles 4:4 NASB 1 Chronicles 4:4 KJV 1 Chronicles 4:4 BibleApps.com 1 Chronicles 4:4 Biblia Paralela 1 Chronicles 4:4 Chinese Bible 1 Chronicles 4:4 French Bible 1 Chronicles 4:4 Catholic Bible OT History: 1 Chronicles 4:4 And Penuel the father of Gedor (1 Chron. 1Ch iCh i Ch 1 chr 1chr) |
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