Topical Bible: Select Readings: Stephen's Defense

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Introduction:
Stephen's defense is a significant event recorded in the New Testament, specifically in the Book of Acts, chapter 7. It marks a pivotal moment in early Christian history, showcasing the first martyrdom of a Christian believer. Stephen, one of the seven deacons chosen to serve the early church, is brought before the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council, to answer charges of blasphemy. His defense is not merely a rebuttal of the accusations but a profound exposition of Israel's history and a bold proclamation of the gospel.

Context:
Stephen, described as "a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit" (Acts 6:5), was performing great wonders and signs among the people. His wisdom and spirit were irrefutable, leading to opposition from certain members of the Synagogue of the Freedmen. Unable to counter his arguments, they resorted to false accusations, claiming he spoke blasphemous words against Moses and God (Acts 6:11-14).

Structure of the Defense:
Stephen's speech is the longest recorded in the Book of Acts and can be divided into several key sections:

1. The Call of Abraham (Acts 7:2-8):
Stephen begins by recounting God's call to Abraham, emphasizing God's initiative in establishing a covenant with His people. He highlights Abraham's faith and obedience, setting the stage for the unfolding of God's redemptive plan.

2. The Patriarchs and Joseph (Acts 7:9-16):
He continues with the account of Joseph, who, despite being rejected by his brothers, becomes a savior during a time of famine. This narrative foreshadows the rejection and eventual exaltation of Jesus.

3. Moses and the Exodus (Acts 7:17-43):
Stephen recounts the life of Moses, focusing on his role as a deliverer. He draws parallels between Moses and Jesus, both of whom were initially rejected by their people. Stephen emphasizes that Moses himself spoke of a prophet like him whom God would raise up (Acts 7:37).

4. The Tabernacle and Temple (Acts 7:44-50):
He addresses the issue of the temple, reminding the council that God does not dwell in houses made by human hands. Stephen quotes the prophet Isaiah to underscore that God's presence transcends physical structures (Acts 7:48-50).

5. Rebuke and Vision (Acts 7:51-56):
Stephen concludes with a direct rebuke of the Sanhedrin, accusing them of resisting the Holy Spirit and betraying and murdering the Righteous One, Jesus. He then shares his vision of Jesus standing at the right hand of God, affirming Christ's divine authority and vindication.

Theological Themes:
Stephen's defense is rich with theological insights. It underscores the continuity of God's redemptive plan from the Old Testament to the New Testament, highlighting the faithfulness of God despite human unfaithfulness. Stephen's speech also emphasizes the theme of rejection and deliverance, drawing parallels between the experiences of Joseph, Moses, and Jesus. Furthermore, it challenges the notion of the temple as the sole locus of God's presence, pointing to a new era inaugurated by Christ.

Outcome:
The response to Stephen's defense is one of rage and hostility. The members of the Sanhedrin, unable to bear his words, drag him out of the city and stone him. As he is being martyred, Stephen echoes the words of Jesus, asking for forgiveness for his persecutors and commending his spirit to the Lord (Acts 7:59-60). His death marks the beginning of a great persecution against the church, leading to the spread of the gospel beyond Jerusalem.

Significance:
Stephen's defense serves as a powerful testimony to the early church's faith and courage. It highlights the cost of discipleship and the call to bear witness to the truth, even unto death. Stephen's martyrdom also sets the stage for the conversion of Saul, who would become the Apostle Paul, a pivotal figure in the spread of Christianity.