Timbrel used by Miriam
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The timbrel, also known as a tambourine, is a musical instrument mentioned in the Bible, often associated with joy, celebration, and worship. It is a hand-held percussion instrument, typically consisting of a wooden frame with pairs of small metal jingles or a stretched membrane. The timbrel is frequently mentioned in the context of praise and worship, particularly in the Old Testament.

One of the most notable references to the timbrel is found in the account of Miriam, the sister of Moses and Aaron, in the Book of Exodus. After the Israelites' miraculous crossing of the Red Sea and the subsequent destruction of Pharaoh's army, Miriam leads the women of Israel in a song of triumph and praise to the LORD. This event is recorded in Exodus 15:20-21 :

"Then Miriam the prophetess, Aaron’s sister, took a timbrel in her hand, and all the women followed her with timbrels and dancing. And Miriam sang back to them: 'Sing to the LORD, for He is highly exalted; the horse and rider He has thrown into the sea.'"

In this passage, the timbrel is used as an instrument of celebration and worship, highlighting the joy and gratitude of the Israelites for their deliverance from Egyptian bondage. Miriam's use of the timbrel underscores her role as a leader among the women and a prophetess, guiding them in a spontaneous expression of worship through music and dance.

The timbrel is also mentioned in other parts of the Old Testament, often in the context of worship and celebration. For example, in Psalm 150:4 , the psalmist exhorts the faithful to "praise Him with tambourine and dancing; praise Him with strings and flute." This verse illustrates the timbrel's role in the broader context of worship, where it is used alongside other instruments to glorify God.

In the cultural and religious life of ancient Israel, the timbrel was a common instrument, particularly among women. It was used in various celebrations, including religious festivals, victories in battle, and other communal gatherings. The timbrel's association with joy and celebration is consistent with its use in the biblical narrative, where it serves as a symbol of God's deliverance and the people's response of praise.

The use of the timbrel by Miriam and other biblical figures reflects the importance of music and dance in the worship practices of ancient Israel. It demonstrates how music was an integral part of expressing faith, gratitude, and communal identity. The timbrel, as seen in the hands of Miriam, becomes a powerful tool for leading others in worship and acknowledging the mighty acts of God.
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Exodus 15:20
And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a tambourine in her hand; and all the women went out after her with tambourines and with dances.
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Library

Whom the Lady Miriam Sent
... the morning sun glittered on the shaken timbrel; how the ... the flattery of thy remembrance,
Lady Miriam," he replied. ... and adroitness of one long used to personal ...
//christianbookshelf.org/miller/the yoke/chapter xlvi whom the lady.htm

Patriotic Hymns.
... The Irish poet chose the song of Miriam instead of the ... The tune to "Sound the Loud
Timbrel" is a chorus ... The melody was first used in America to Robert Treat ...
/.../brown/the story of the hymns and tunes/chapter ix patriotic hymns.htm

Examples of Circumspect Behaviour from the Old Testament.
... none with them; but they by themselves used holily to ... had finished [499] singing
praises, then Miriam, the sister of Moses and Aaron, took a timbrel in her ...
/.../chapter xiv examples of circumspect behaviour.htm

A Peal of Bells
... and broke the dragon in the deep waters, when Miriam took the timbrel and went ... even
the horses' harness,"all shall be so thoroughly used in obedience to ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 7 1861/a peal of bells.htm

The New Song
... have been absurd for Miriam with her timbrel to conduct ... hosts of Sisera, they did
not borrow Miriam's song; but ... head is broken; the Lord hath used his people ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 9 1863/the new song.htm

Introduction.
... lyrics in the song of Moses and Miriam, the song ... by the rivers of Babylon that banished
the timbrel from the ... of selecting all the best and most-used hymns, but ...
/...//christianbookshelf.org/brown/the story of the hymns and tunes/introduction.htm

Brought up from the Horrible Pit
... clay." Travelers tell us that wherever pits are still used as dungeons ... How greatly
He excels Miriam, the sister of Moses, when she took her timbrel and led ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 28 1882/brought up from the horrible.htm

A Case of Conscience Resolved
... 1. Whose prayers were used, or who was the mouth? ... Objection. Miriam took a timbrel
in her hand, and went out, and all the women went out after her, praising ...
/.../bunyan/the works of john bunyan volumes 1-3/a case of conscience resolved.htm

The Well-Spring of Salvation
... and his hosts were drowned in it that Miriam and her musical sisters, with their
timbrel and dance, not ... it is what our old Puritan forefathers used to call ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture h/the well-spring of salvation.htm

Letter Liv. To Furia.
... Like Miriam after the drowning Pharaoh she takes up her timbrel and sings ... his joy
and support, let him learn from his daughter the lessons he used to learn ...
/.../jerome/the principal works of st jerome/letter liv to furia.htm

Resources
When can music be considered 'Christian music'? | GotQuestions.org

Are we supposed to use musical instruments in church? | GotQuestions.org

Timbrel: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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Timbrel by Jephthah's Daughter
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