Worship: The Word of God Read in Public Assemblies
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The public reading of Scripture holds a significant place in Christian worship, serving as a means of edification, instruction, and communal affirmation of faith. This practice finds its roots in both the Old and New Testaments, where the reading of God's Word is depicted as a central element of religious gatherings.

Old Testament Foundations

The tradition of reading Scripture publicly can be traced back to the time of Moses. In Deuteronomy 31:11-12, Moses commands the Israelites: "When all Israel comes to appear before the LORD your God at the place He will choose, you shall read this law before them in their hearing. Assemble the people—men, women, children, and the foreigners residing in your towns—so that they may listen and learn to fear the LORD your God and follow carefully all the words of this law." This directive underscores the importance of communal engagement with God's Word, ensuring that all members of the community, regardless of age or status, are exposed to divine instruction.

The practice continued during the reign of King Josiah, as recorded in 2 Kings 23:2, where the king "went up to the house of the LORD with all the people of Judah and Jerusalem, along with the priests and the prophets—all the people from the least to the greatest. And he read in their hearing all the words of the Book of the Covenant that had been found in the house of the LORD." This event marked a significant moment of national repentance and renewal, highlighting the transformative power of Scripture when read aloud to the assembly.

New Testament Practice

In the New Testament, the public reading of Scripture remains a vital component of Christian worship. Jesus Himself participated in this tradition, as seen in Luke 4:16-17: "He went to Nazareth, where He had been brought up. As was His custom, He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath. And when He stood up to read, the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to Him." Jesus' engagement with Scripture in the synagogue underscores the continuity of this practice from the Jewish tradition into the early Christian community.

The Apostle Paul also emphasizes the importance of public Scripture reading in his instructions to Timothy. In 1 Timothy 4:13, Paul exhorts, "Until I come, devote yourself to the public reading of Scripture, to exhortation, and to teaching." This directive indicates that the reading of Scripture was not merely a formality but a foundational aspect of early Christian worship, intended to instruct and encourage the believers.

Theological Significance

The public reading of Scripture in worship serves several theological purposes. It affirms the authority of God's Word as the foundation of faith and practice, reminding the congregation of the divine source of their beliefs. It also fosters a sense of unity among believers, as they collectively hear and respond to the same message. Moreover, the public reading of Scripture provides an opportunity for the Holy Spirit to work through the Word, convicting, comforting, and guiding the hearts of the listeners.

Historical Development

Throughout church history, the public reading of Scripture has remained a central element of Christian liturgy. The early church fathers, such as Justin Martyr and Augustine, attested to the practice of reading the Scriptures during worship services. The Reformation further emphasized the importance of Scripture in the vernacular, making it accessible to all believers and reinforcing its role in public worship.

In contemporary Christian worship, the public reading of Scripture continues to be a vital practice across various denominations. Whether through lectionary readings, sermon texts, or responsive readings, the Word of God remains at the heart of communal worship, shaping the faith and life of the church.
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Exodus 24:7
And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience of the people: and they said, All that the LORD has said will we do, and be obedient.
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Deuteronomy 27:12-26
These shall stand on mount Gerizim to bless the people, when you are come over Jordan; Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Joseph, and Benjamin:
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Deuteronomy 31:11-13
When all Israel is come to appear before the LORD your God in the place which he shall choose, you shall read this law before all Israel in their hearing.
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Joshua 8:33-35
And all Israel, and their elders, and officers, and their judges, stood on this side the ark and on that side before the priests the Levites, which bore the ark of the covenant of the LORD, as well the stranger, as he that was born among them; half of them over against mount Gerizim, and half of them over against mount Ebal; as Moses the servant of the LORD had commanded before, that they should bless the people of Israel.
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2 Kings 23:1-3
And the king sent, and they gathered to him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem.
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Nehemiah 8:1-8,13-18
And all the people gathered themselves together as one man into the street that was before the water gate; and they spoke to Ezra the scribe to bring the book of the law of Moses, which the LORD had commanded to Israel.
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Matthew 21:23
And when he was come into the temple, the chief priests and the elders of the people came to him as he was teaching, and said, By what authority do you these things? and who gave you this authority?
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Luke 4:16,17
And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and, as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and stood up for to read.
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1 Timothy 4:13
Till I come, give attendance to reading, to exhortation, to doctrine.
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Library

Letter viii. Public and Social Worship, and Sabbath Employments.
... of devotional exercises and the preaching of his Word, as the ... and therefore no place
for the child of God. ... been scarce any signs of spiritual worship among them ...
/.../letter viii public and social.htm

The Seven Assemblies as a Whole (I. 11).
... as having to do with the churches of God which Paul ... But we do meet with the word
Angel in ... of the Assembly, and the Leader of Divine worship, from (...) shalach ...
/.../bullinger/commentary on revelation/the seven assemblies as a.htm

Romans x. 13
... the Name of the Lord, perform the publick Acts of Worship; hear his Word with
Greediness ... in this Method; they are apt to think that Almighty God is easy ...
/.../sermon x romans x 13.htm

On Assembling in the Church.
... has been in travail of you by the word of grace ... therefore, not to join yourselves
in your worship with those ... For there is no fellowship between God and the devil ...
/.../various/constitutions of the holy apostles/sec vii on assembling in the.htm

The Lord's Day --The Worship of the Apostolic Church --Its ...
... But in the worship of the primitive Christians there was no ... in meditation, and in
the hearing of His Word; and that ... 2] and as taking care of the Church of God. ...
/.../christianbookshelf.org/killen/the ancient church/chapter i the lords daythe.htm

A Case of Conscience Resolved
... Wherefore they are weak, and not permitted to perform public worship to God. ... now
are, stept out of her place but to speak a good word for worship, you see ...
/.../bunyan/the works of john bunyan volumes 1-3/a case of conscience resolved.htm

The Testimony of the Lectionaries Shewn to be Absolutely Decisive ...
... The Synagogue-worship became transfigured; but it did not part ... Nativity, a Star shewed
that the Word had become ... John cried, "Behold the Lamb of God," &c., and ...
/.../chapter x the testimony of.htm

The Savoy Declaration of the Congregational Churches. AD 1658.
... Churches thus gathered and assembling for the Worship of GOD ... yet the work of Preaching
the Word is not ... ways and means in the Providence of God called thereunto ...
/.../the savoy declaration of the.htm

Concerning Worship.
... the saints are gathered, there is not one word to be ... Testament, as a part of the
instituted worship thereof ... moved thereunto by [895] the Spirit of God, and that ...
/.../proposition xi concerning worship.htm

A Relaton of the Imprisonment of Mr. John Bunyan, Minister of the ...
... those that plainly and simply make it their only end to worship the Lord ... saith, that
he which leaveth off preaching and hearing of the Word of God for fear ...
/.../bunyan/the works of john bunyan volumes 1-3/a relaton of the imprisonment.htm

Resources
What is a biblical theology of worship? | GotQuestions.org

Are any of the various worship styles unbiblical? | GotQuestions.org

What is true worship? | GotQuestions.org

Worship: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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Worship

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Worship: Commanded

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Worship: On Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal

Worship: Postures in Bowing

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Worship: Public, in the Temple

Worship: The Whole Nation Required to Assemble For, Including Men, Women, Children, Servants

Worship: The Word of God Read in Public Assemblies

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Praise (487 Occurrences)

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Render (95 Occurrences)

Calf (39 Occurrences)

Service (317 Occurrences)

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Subapostolic

Sub-apostolic

Worship: The Whole Nation Required to Assemble For, Including Men, Women, Children, Servants
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