Zoar, one of the five cities of the plain mentioned in the Book of Genesis, holds a significant place in biblical history. It is often associated with the narrative of Lot and the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. The city is first mentioned in Genesis 13:10, where it is described as being located in the well-watered plain of the Jordan, akin to the garden of the LORD.

Historical Context

Zoar, originally known as Bela, was one of the cities in the region of the Jordan Valley. It is notably mentioned in the context of the battle involving Chedorlaomer, the king of Elam. This battle is a pivotal event in the early chapters of Genesis, illustrating the geopolitical dynamics of the time.

The Battle Against Chedorlaomer

In Genesis 14, we find the account of a coalition of four kings led by Chedorlaomer, who waged war against five kings of the plain, including the king of Zoar. The passage states:

"Then the king of Sodom, the king of Gomorrah, the king of Admah, the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar) marched out and arrayed themselves for battle in the Valley of Siddim against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, Tidal king of Goiim, Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar—four kings against five." (Genesis 14:8-9)

This battle, known as the Battle of Siddim, resulted in the defeat of the kings of the plain, including the king of Zoar. The victorious coalition of Chedorlaomer took spoils and captives, including Lot, Abram's nephew, which prompted Abram to mount a rescue operation.

Zoar's Significance in Lot's Story

Zoar's significance is further highlighted in the narrative of Lot's escape from Sodom. As God prepared to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah due to their wickedness, Lot pleaded for refuge in Zoar. The city was spared from destruction, allowing Lot and his daughters to find safety there. Genesis 19:20-22 records Lot's plea:

"Look, there is a town nearby where I can flee, and it is a small place. Please let me flee there—is it not a small place? Then my life will be saved.” “Very well,” he answered, “I will grant this request as well, and will not demolish the town you indicate. Hurry, flee there, for I cannot do anything until you reach it.” That is why the town was called Zoar." (Genesis 19:20-22)

Archaeological and Geographical Considerations

The exact location of Zoar has been a subject of debate among scholars and archaeologists. Traditionally, it is thought to be located near the southeastern shore of the Dead Sea. Some suggest that the site of modern-day Safi in Jordan may correspond to ancient Zoar. The region's geography, characterized by its proximity to the Dead Sea and the fertile plains, aligns with the biblical description.

Theological Reflections

From a theological perspective, Zoar represents both judgment and mercy. While the city was initially part of the sinful cities of the plain, it was spared due to Lot's intercession. This narrative underscores themes of divine justice and grace, illustrating God's willingness to save the righteous even amidst widespread wickedness.

Zoar's account, intertwined with the accounts of Lot and the patriarchal narratives, serves as a reminder of the complex interplay between human agency and divine sovereignty in the biblical text.Genesis 14:2,8
That these made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela, which is Zoar.
Nave's Topical Index

Who was Lot in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

Who were the Moabites? | GotQuestions.org

What is the significance of Moab in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

Bible Concordance • Bible Dictionary • Bible Encyclopedia • Topical Bible • Bible Thesuarus