Definition and Context:
The term "presumes" refers to taking action based on assumption or overconfidence, often without proper authority or evidence. In a biblical context, presumption can be seen as acting beyond one's rightful place or without divine guidance, often leading to sin or error.

Biblical References:

1. Numbers 14:44 · "But they dared to go up to the ridge of the hill country, though neither the ark of the covenant of the LORD nor Moses departed from the camp."
In this passage, the Israelites presumed to go into battle without the Lord's blessing or the leadership of Moses, demonstrating a lack of faith and obedience. Their presumption led to defeat, illustrating the dangers of acting without divine approval.

2. Deuteronomy 18:20 · "But the prophet who dares to speak a message in My name that I have not commanded him to speak, or who speaks in the name of other gods, that prophet must be put to death."
Here, presumption is linked to false prophecy. A prophet who presumes to speak on behalf of God without His command is committing a grave sin, highlighting the seriousness of presuming to know or declare God's will without His explicit instruction.

3. Psalm 19:13 · "Keep Your servant also from willful sins; may they not rule over me. Then I will be blameless and cleansed of great transgression."
The psalmist prays for protection from presumptuous sins, which are deliberate and willful acts of disobedience. This verse underscores the need for humility and reliance on God to avoid the pitfalls of presumption.

4. 2 Peter 2:10 · "Such punishment is specially reserved for those who indulge the corrupt desires of the flesh and despise authority. Bold and arrogant, they are not afraid to slander glorious beings."
Peter warns against those who are bold and arrogant, acting presumptuously by rejecting authority and speaking against spiritual beings. This behavior is condemned as it reflects a heart that is not submissive to God's order.

Theological Implications:

Presumption is often rooted in pride and self-reliance, contrasting with the biblical call to humility and dependence on God. It reflects a lack of trust in God's timing and wisdom, leading individuals to act on their own understanding rather than seeking divine guidance. The Bible consistently warns against presumption, emphasizing the importance of obedience, faith, and submission to God's will.

Practical Application:

Believers are encouraged to seek God's guidance in all decisions and to avoid acting on assumptions or personal desires without prayerful consideration. Presumption can lead to spiritual and practical consequences, as seen in the biblical examples. Christians are called to cultivate a heart of humility, recognizing their need for God's wisdom and direction in every aspect of life.1128. gumnazo -- to exercise naked, to train
... 1128 ("exert intensely, like a pro-athlete") presumes full discipline, necessary
to be in "top working condition" (full agility, skill, endurance). ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1128.htm - 7k

Castus of Sicca Said: He who Presumes to Follow Custom in Despite ...
... Book VI. Chapter 35. " 67. Castus of Sicca said: He who presumes to
follow custom in despite of? "67. Castus of Sicca [1723 ...
/.../writings in connection with the donatist controversy /chapter 35 67 castus.htm

He Inveighs against Him Because Though He Has Forsaken the ...
... Chapter X. He inveighs against him because though he has forsaken the Catholic religion,
he nevertheless presumes to teach in the Church, to sacrifice, and to ...
/.../cassian/the seven books of john cassian /chapter x he inveighs against.htm

Whether Presumption Relies on God, or on One's Own Power
... of God. Hence one who presumes on the power of man is guilty of a greater
sin than one who presumes on the power of God. Now sin ...
/.../aquinas/nature and grace/article one whether presumption relies.htm

Whether Presumption Trusts in God or in Our Own Power?
... Now other sins seem to arise from the presumption whereby man presumes on himself
rather than from the presumption whereby he presumes on God, since self-love ...
/.../aquinas/summa theologica/whether presumption trusts in god.htm

Whether Compulsory Consent Invalidates a Marriage?
... if there be consent although compulsory, the marriage is valid in conscience and
in God's sight, but not in the eyes of the Church, who presumes that there was ...
/.../aquinas/summa theologica/whether compulsory consent invalidates a.htm

Psalm XCI.
... One is a sinner, and the other a sinner: but suppose one that presumes upon himself
is a despiser, confesses not his sins, and he will say, if my sins ...
/.../christianbookshelf.org/augustine/exposition on the book of psalms/psalm xci.htm

Epistle xx. To Mauricius Augustus.
... Church. Who is this that, against the evangelical ordinances, against the
decrees of canons, presumes to usurp to himself a new name? ...
/.../the epistles of saint gregory the great/epistle xx to mauricius augustus.htm

Articles xiii and xiv Original Sin Will Condemn no Man.
... He affirms, that "all infants who are of the covenant and of election, are saved;"
but he presumes, in charity, that "those infants whom God calls to himself ...
/.../arminius/the works of james arminius vol 1/articles xiii and xiv original.htm

In the Present Crusade against the Bible and the Faith of ...
... by the random statements of every fresh individual who sees fit to master the elements
of Geology; and on the strength of that qualification presumes to sit in ...
/.../burgon/inspiration and interpretation/v in the present crusade.htm

Necessity of Contemplating the Judgment-Seat of God, in Order to ...
... He, therefore, to whom the many mercies of the Lord furnish ample grounds of boasting,
presumes the more securely that he presumes not," (Bernard, Serm.68). ...
/.../chapter 12 necessity of contemplating.htm

Presumes (1 Occurrence)
... Multi-Version Concordance Presumes (1 Occurrence). Deuteronomy 18:20 But
the prophet, that shall speak a word presumptuously in My ...
/p/presumes.htm - 6k

Presumeth (1 Occurrence)

/p/presumeth.htm - 6k

Presumed (1 Occurrence)

/p/presumed.htm - 6k

Shaalbim (2 Occurrences)
... This presumes the existence of a town called Shaalbon (2 Samuel 23:32 1 Chronicles
11:33), which again is probably identical with Shaalbim. ...
/s/shaalbim.htm - 8k

Pentateuch
... So too the list of kings who reigned over Edom "before there reigned any king over
the children of Israel" (36:31) presumes the existence of the monarchy. ...
/p/pentateuch.htm - 77k

Tabernacle (333 Occurrences)
... One naturally presumes that the tabernacle must have been located somewhere and
oriented somehow; and, if it had four sides, would assuredly suit as well to ...
/t/tabernacle.htm - 101k

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