In the context of biblical study, the term "presumed" often relates to assumptions or actions taken without explicit divine instruction or guidance. The concept of presumption can be seen in various narratives and teachings throughout the Bible, where individuals or groups act based on their own understanding or desires rather than seeking God's will.

Old Testament Examples

1. Presumption in Leadership:
One of the most notable examples of presumption is found in the account of King Saul. In 1 Samuel 13, Saul offers a burnt offering in the absence of the prophet Samuel, acting out of fear and impatience. Saul presumed to take on a priestly role, which was not his to assume. This act of presumption led to God's rejection of Saul's kingship. The Berean Standard Bible states, "You have acted foolishly," Samuel said. "You have not kept the command the LORD your God gave you; if you had, He would have established your kingdom over Israel for all time" (1 Samuel 13:13).

2. Presumption in Worship:
Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, also acted presumptuously by offering unauthorized fire before the Lord, which He had not commanded them. Their presumption in worship resulted in their immediate death as a divine judgment. Leviticus 10:1-2 records, "Now Aaron’s sons Nadab and Abihu took their censers, put fire in them, and added incense; and they offered unauthorized fire before the LORD, contrary to His command. So fire came out from the presence of the LORD and consumed them, and they died before the LORD."

3. Presumption in Battle:
The Israelites, after being defeated at Ai due to Achan's sin, presumed to attack again without seeking God's guidance. This presumption led to their initial defeat. Joshua 7:4-5 describes, "So about three thousand men went up, but they were routed by the men of Ai, who killed about thirty-six of them. They chased the Israelites from the city gate as far as the stone quarries and struck them down on the slopes. So the hearts of the people melted in fear and became like water."

New Testament Teachings

1. Presumption in Faith:
In the New Testament, presumption is addressed in the context of faith and obedience. James warns against presuming upon the future without acknowledging God's sovereignty. James 4:13-15 advises, "Come now, you who say, 'Today or tomorrow we will go to this or that city, spend a year there, carry on business, and make a profit.' You do not even know what will happen tomorrow! What is your life? You are a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes. Instead, you ought to say, 'If the Lord is willing, we will live and do this or that.'"

2. Presumption in Spiritual Authority:
The apostle Peter warns against false teachers who presume to speak for God without true knowledge or authority. In 2 Peter 2:10 , he describes them as "bold and arrogant, they are not afraid to slander celestial beings."

Theological Implications

Presumption in the Bible often results in negative consequences, highlighting the importance of humility, obedience, and seeking God's guidance. It serves as a cautionary theme, reminding believers to rely on God's wisdom rather than their own understanding. The biblical narrative consistently emphasizes the need for faithfulness and submission to God's will, warning against the dangers of acting presumptuously.(imp. & p. p.) of Presume.678. aprosopolemptos -- not accepting the person, ie without ...
... Adverb from a compound of a (as a negative particle) and a presumed derivative of
a presumed compound of prosopon and lambano (compare prosopoleptes); in a way ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/678.htm - 7k

3837. pantachou -- everywhere
... Word Origin from a presumed derivation of pas Definition everywhere NASB Word
Usage everywhere (7). in all places, everywhere. Genitive ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3837.htm - 6k

729. arraphos -- without seam, of a single piece
... From a (as a negative particle) and a presumed derivative of the same as rhaphis;
unsewed, ie Of a single piece -- without seam. see GREEK a. see GREEK rhaphis. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/729.htm - 6k

4657. skubalon -- refuse
... garbage, dung. Neuter of a presumed derivative of eis and kuon and ballo; what is
thrown to the dogs, ie Refuse (ordure) -- dung. see GREEK eis. see GREEK kuon. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/4657.htm - 7k

732. arrostos -- not strong, ie feeble, sickly
... feeble, sickly. From a (as a negative particle) and a presumed derivative of rhonnumi;
infirm -- sick (folk, -ly). see GREEK a. see GREEK rhonnumi. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/732.htm - 7k

5165. trublion -- a bowl, dish
... dish. Neuter of a presumed derivative of uncertain affinity; a bowl -- dish. (trublion)
-- 1 Occurrence. (trublio) -- 1 Occurrence. 5164, 5165. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/5165.htm - 6k

4831. summimetes -- a fellow imitator
... a fellow-imitator. From a presumed compound of sun and mimeomai; a co-imitator,
ie Fellow votary -- follower together. see GREEK sun. see GREEK mimeomai. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/4831.htm - 6k

5206. huiothesia -- adoption
... adoption. From a presumed compound of huios and a derivative of tithemi; the placing
as a son, ie Adoption (figuratively, Christian sonship in respect to God ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/5206.htm - 7k

765. asebes -- ungodly, impious
... ungodly man. From a (as a negative particle) and a presumed derivative of sebomai;
irreverent, ie (by extension) impious or wicked -- ungodly (man). ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/765.htm - 7k

809. aschemon -- shapeless, ie fig. unseemly
... From a (as a negative particle) and a presumed derivative of echo (in the sense
of its congener schema); properly, shapeless, ie (figuratively) inelegant ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/809.htm - 7k

2054. vazar -- criminal, guilty
... strange. Presumed to be from an unused root meaning to bear guilt; crime --
X strange. 2053, 2054. vazar. 2055 . Strong's Numbers.
/hebrew/2054.htm - 5k

176. o -- or
... otherwise,. Presumed to be the "constructive" or genitival form of -av
{av}; short for 'avvah; desire (and so probably in Prov. 31 ...
/hebrew/176.htm - 6k

Whether a Man's Evidence Can be Rejected Without any Fault of His?
... fault. Objection 2: Further, "Good is to be presumed of every one, unless
the contrary appear" [*Cap. Dudum, de Praesumpt.]. Now ...
/.../christianbookshelf.org/aquinas/summa theologica/whether a mans evidence can.htm

The Counsel of Gamaliel.
... The high priest and his adherents were filled with indignation against the men,
who presumed, in defiance of their express prohibition, to preach Jesus of ...
/.../dick/lectures on the acts of the apostles/lecture vii the counsel of.htm

Recapitulation; Characteristics of Heresy; Origin of the Name ...
... remainder (of our work), the opportunity invites us to approach the treatment of
our proposed subjects, and to begin from those who have presumed to celebrate ...
/.../chapter i recapitulation characteristics of heresy.htm

Letter Lvi. --To the Emperor Jovian.
... martyrdom, and now are departed in the Lord; and the faith would have abode inviolate
always had not the wickedness of certain heretics presumed to tamper with ...
/.../select works and letters or athanasius/letter lvi to the emperor jovian.htm

Epistle xv. To John, Bishop.
... The last thing, but first in importance as evidence of elation, is about his use
of the pallium outside the church, which is a thing he never presumed to do in ...
/.../gregory/the epistles of saint gregory the great/epistle xv to john bishop.htm

How Many Bishops There Should be to Ordain a Bishop.
... Honoratus and Urban, the bishops, said: We have issued this command, that (because
lately two of our brethren, bishops of Numidia, presumed to ordain a pontiff ...
/.../schaff/the seven ecumenical councils/canon xlix greek liii how.htm

Epistle xxx. To Constantina Augusta.
... his sepulchre, the superintendent of that place found some bones, which were not
indeed connected with the same sepulchre; but, inasmuch as he presumed to lift ...
/.../the epistles of saint gregory the great/epistle xxx to constantina augusta.htm

Whether one who is under Another's Power Can Give Alms?
... but if he has no such dispensation, since he has nothing of his own, he cannot give
alms without his abbot's permission either express or presumed for some ...
//christianbookshelf.org/aquinas/summa theologica/whether one who is under.htm

The Sinner Arraigned and Convicted.
... 6. And say, sinner, is it a little thing that you have presumed to set light by
the authority of the God of heaven, and to violate his law, if it had been by ...
/.../chapter iv the sinner arraigned.htm

The Marvels of Holy Scripture, --Moral and Physical. --Jael's Deed ...
... probably be found to say that he' thinks he knows as much about the nature of these
last now, as he expects to know hereafter,"so it is to be presumed that a ...
/.../burgon/inspiration and interpretation/sermon vii the marvels of.htm

Presumed (1 Occurrence)
... Noah Webster's Dictionary (imp. & pp) of Presume. Multi-Version Concordance
Presumed (1 Occurrence). Numbers 14:44 But they presumed...
/p/presumed.htm - 6k

Presume (10 Occurrences)
... Numbers 14:44 But they presumed to go up to the top of the mountain: nevertheless
the ark of the covenant of Yahweh, and Moses, didn't depart out of the camp. ...
/p/presume.htm - 11k

Presumption (5 Occurrences)
... 3. (n.) That which is presumed or assumed; that which is supposed or believed to
be real or true, on evidence that is probable but not conclusive. ...
/p/presumption.htm - 9k

Ox (197 Occurrences)
... o (Deuteronomy 14:5 Isaiah 51:20) may both be the Arabian oryx (Oryx beatrix), of
which the common vernacular name means "wild-ox." It may be presumed that "ox ...
/o/ox.htm - 43k

Incense (167 Occurrences)
... The "smoke" that filled the temple in Isaiah's vision (Isaiah 6:4) may be presumed
to be the smoke of incense. The word keTorah itself properly denotes. ...
/i/incense.htm - 44k

Tophel (1 Occurrence)
... makes clearer the position occupied by the camp of Israel where Moses addressed
the people, by reference to certain other places which might be presumed to be ...
/t/tophel.htm - 7k

Ridge (3 Occurrences)
... Numbers 14:44 But they presumed to go up to the top of the mountain: nevertheless
the ark of the covenant of Yahweh, and Moses, didn't depart out of the camp. ...
/r/ridge.htm - 8k

Race (36 Occurrences)
... 3. (n.) The descendants of a common ancestor; a family, tribe, people, or nation,
believed or presumed to belong to the same stock; a lineage; a breed. ...
/r/race.htm - 19k

Rhinoceros
... Other rhinoceroses are found in India and in equatorial Africa, but it is hardly
to be presumed that these animals were meant by the Hebrew writers. ...
/r/rhinoceros.htm - 7k

Psalms (44 Occurrences)
... "It is presumed that these several collections were made at times of high religious
life: the first, probably, near the close of David's life; the second in ...
/p/psalms.htm - 54k

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