Topical Bible: Solomon's Pools

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Topical Encyclopedia

Solomon's Pools are a series of three ancient reservoirs located near Bethlehem, approximately 5 miles south of Jerusalem. These pools are traditionally attributed to King Solomon, the son of David, who reigned over Israel in the 10th century BC. The pools are part of an ancient water supply system that provided water to Jerusalem and its surrounding areas.

Historical Context

The construction of Solomon's Pools is often associated with the extensive building projects undertaken by King Solomon, as described in the Bible. Solomon is renowned for his wisdom and for the construction of the First Temple in Jerusalem. The Bible records Solomon's extensive building activities, including the construction of cities, fortifications, and water systems. In 1 Kings 9:17-19 , it is noted: "So Solomon rebuilt Gezer, Lower Beth-horon, Baalath, and Tamar in the Wilderness, as well as all the store cities that Solomon had for his chariots and horses—whatever he desired to build in Jerusalem, Lebanon, and throughout the land of his dominion."

Description and Function

The pools are strategically located in a valley and are fed by several springs in the surrounding hills. The three pools are aligned in a descending order, allowing gravity to aid in the flow of water from one pool to the next. The largest pool measures approximately 177 meters in length, 60 meters in width, and 10 meters in depth. The other two pools are slightly smaller but similar in design.

The primary function of Solomon's Pools was to collect and store water, which was then channeled through a sophisticated aqueduct system to Jerusalem. This system was crucial for sustaining the city's water supply, especially during the dry seasons. The pools and aqueducts exemplify the advanced engineering skills of the ancient Israelites and their ability to manage natural resources effectively.

Biblical Significance

While the Bible does not explicitly mention Solomon's Pools, their association with King Solomon is rooted in tradition and the broader context of his reign. Solomon's era was marked by peace and prosperity, allowing for significant advancements in infrastructure and urban development. The pools are often seen as a testament to Solomon's wisdom and his ability to govern and provide for his people.

Archaeological and Historical Evidence

Archaeological studies suggest that the pools were constructed or expanded during the Hasmonean or Herodian periods, centuries after Solomon's reign. However, the tradition linking them to Solomon persists, reflecting the enduring legacy of his rule. The pools have been repaired and maintained over the centuries, serving as a vital water source for the region.

Cultural and Religious Importance

Solomon's Pools hold cultural and religious significance for Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike. They are a symbol of the ancient ingenuity and the rich history of the Holy Land. Pilgrims and tourists often visit the site to appreciate its historical and spiritual heritage.

In summary, Solomon's Pools are an enduring symbol of ancient Israel's engineering prowess and the legacy of King Solomon's reign. They continue to capture the imagination of those who seek to understand the historical and biblical narratives of the region.

ATS Bible Dictionary

Solomon's Pools

Ecclesiastes 2:6. Among these may perhaps be included the ancient structures now so called, two or three miles southwest of Bethlehem. These are three large reservoirs lying one above and beyond another in a narrow valley. They are built of large stones, and plastered within; and the water collected in them, and in several fountains in the vicinity, was conveyed in an aqueduct to Bethlehem and Jerusalem. The upper pool is 380 feet in length, and the middle pool 423 and the lower on 582. Their average breadth is 200 feet and their depth 38 feet. At present they contain comparatively little water; yet they are of incalculable importance to Bethlehem, and might easily be made so to Jerusalem. The aqueduct crosses the valley of Hinnom below the southwest corner of the city wall, winds south around Mount Zion, and turns north again into the city towards the Haram area.