The Temanites are a group of people mentioned in the Bible, primarily associated with the region of Teman, which is located in Edom. The name "Teman" is derived from a Hebrew word meaning "south," indicating its geographical position relative to Israel. The Temanites are descendants of Esau, the brother of Jacob, through Esau's son Eliphaz, whose son was named Teman (Genesis 36:11, 15). This lineage places the Temanites within the broader Edomite nation, which often had a contentious relationship with the Israelites.

Biblical References

The most notable Temanite in the Bible is Eliphaz the Temanite, one of the three friends of Job. Eliphaz is introduced in the Book of Job as a wise and respected figure who comes to comfort Job in his time of suffering. However, his speeches, while eloquent and filled with traditional wisdom, are ultimately criticized by God for not speaking rightly about Him (Job 42:7). Eliphaz's arguments are based on the retributive justice principle, suggesting that suffering is a direct result of sin, a viewpoint that is challenged throughout the narrative of Job.

In the prophetic literature, Teman is often mentioned in conjunction with Edom. The prophets frequently pronounce judgments against Edom, and by extension, Teman, for their hostility towards Israel. For instance, in the book of Amos, the Lord declares, "I will send fire upon Teman to consume the citadels of Bozrah" (Amos 1:12). Similarly, Obadiah prophesies against Edom, highlighting the downfall of its wise men, including those from Teman: "Will I not in that day, declares the LORD, eliminate wise men from Edom and understanding from the mountain of Esau?" (Obadiah 1:8).

Cultural and Historical Context

The Temanites, as part of the Edomite nation, inhabited a region known for its wisdom and understanding. This reputation is reflected in the biblical portrayal of Eliphaz and the prophetic references to the wise men of Teman. The Edomites, including the Temanites, were known for their skills in trade and their strategic location along important trade routes, which contributed to their wealth and influence.

Despite their wisdom, the Temanites, like the rest of Edom, are often depicted in the Bible as adversaries of Israel. This enmity is rooted in the ancient conflict between Esau and Jacob, which continued through their descendants. The prophets' denunciations of Edom and Teman reflect this ongoing hostility and serve as a reminder of the consequences of pride and opposition to God's chosen people.

Theological Significance

The account of Eliphaz the Temanite in the Book of Job provides a theological exploration of human suffering and divine justice. Eliphaz's perspective, while rooted in traditional wisdom, is ultimately shown to be inadequate in explaining the complexities of Job's situation. This challenges readers to consider the limitations of human understanding and the need for humility before God's inscrutable purposes.

The prophetic judgments against Teman and Edom underscore the biblical theme of divine retribution against nations that oppose God's will and mistreat His people. These passages serve as a warning of the consequences of pride and enmity against God's covenant community, emphasizing the importance of aligning with God's purposes and showing compassion towards others.Te'manites (2 Occurrences)

Genesis 36:34
Jobab died, and Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place.
(See RSV)

1 Chronicles 1:45
Jobab died, and Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place.
(See RSV)

Te'manites (2 Occurrences)
Te'manites. Temanites, Te'manites. Temeni . Multi-Version Concordance
Te'manites (2 Occurrences). Genesis 36:34 Jobab died, and ...
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Temeni (1 Occurrence)

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Temanites (2 Occurrences)

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