The phrase "those who pierced Him" is a significant biblical expression found in the New Testament, specifically in the Book of Revelation. It refers to individuals involved in the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and carries profound theological implications.

Biblical Reference:

The primary reference to "those who pierced Him" is found in Revelation 1:7 : "Behold, He is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see Him—even those who pierced Him. And all the tribes of the earth will mourn because of Him. So shall it be! Amen."

Old Testament Background:

The imagery of piercing is rooted in Old Testament prophecy, particularly in Zechariah 12:10 : "Then I will pour out on the house of David and on the residents of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication. They will look on Me, the One they have pierced, and they will mourn for Him as one mourns for an only child, and grieve bitterly for Him as one grieves for a firstborn son." This prophecy is often understood as a foretelling of the Messiah's suffering and the subsequent recognition and mourning by the people of Israel.

New Testament Fulfillment:

The New Testament writers, particularly John, see the fulfillment of Zechariah's prophecy in the crucifixion of Jesus. In John 19:34-37 , the apostle recounts the piercing of Jesus' side by a Roman soldier: "Instead, one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water flowed out... These things happened so that the Scripture would be fulfilled: 'Not one of His bones will be broken.' And, as another Scripture says: 'They will look on the One they have pierced.'"

Theological Significance:

1. Judgment and Recognition: The phrase "those who pierced Him" in Revelation 1:7 signifies a future moment of recognition and accountability. It suggests that those responsible for Jesus' death, whether directly or indirectly, will witness His return in glory. This includes not only the Roman soldiers and Jewish leaders of the time but also symbolically extends to all humanity, as all are implicated in sin.

2. Universal Mourning: The mourning of "all the tribes of the earth" indicates a universal acknowledgment of Jesus' identity and the gravity of His crucifixion. This mourning is not limited to the Jewish people but encompasses all nations, reflecting the global impact of Christ's redemptive work.

3. Christ's Sovereignty: The vision of Christ coming "with the clouds" underscores His divine authority and sovereignty. It echoes Daniel 7:13-14, where the "Son of Man" is given dominion and glory. The piercing, once a symbol of suffering and humiliation, becomes a testament to His victory and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan.

Historical Context:

The crucifixion of Jesus was a historical event carried out by Roman authorities under the governance of Pontius Pilate, with the involvement of certain Jewish leaders who sought His death. The act of piercing, specifically the piercing of Jesus' side, was a customary Roman practice to ensure death in crucifixion victims.

Interpretative Views:

Throughout Christian history, interpretations of "those who pierced Him" have varied. Some see it as a literal reference to the individuals present at the crucifixion, while others view it as a metaphor for all who reject Christ. The phrase serves as a sobering reminder of humanity's role in the suffering of the Savior and the need for repentance and faith.

Conclusion:

The phrase "those who pierced Him" encapsulates the profound mystery of Christ's passion and the hope of His return. It calls believers to reflect on the cost of redemption and the promise of ultimate reconciliation and justice.