Topical Bible: Arts of The: Apothecary or Perfumer

◄ Arts of The: Apothecary or Perfumer ►

Topical Encyclopedia

The art of the apothecary, also known as the perfumer, holds a significant place in the biblical narrative, reflecting both the practical and spiritual dimensions of ancient Israelite culture. The Hebrew term often translated as "apothecary" or "perfumer" is "raqach," which denotes one who compounds or mixes aromatic substances. This craft was essential for creating anointing oils, incense, and other aromatic compounds used in religious rituals and daily life.

Biblical References and Functions

The role of the apothecary is prominently featured in the construction and service of the Tabernacle, where specific instructions were given for the preparation of sacred anointing oil and incense. In Exodus 30:22-25, the LORD commands Moses: "Take the finest spices: 500 shekels of liquid myrrh, half as much (that is, 250 shekels) of fragrant cinnamon, 250 shekels of fragrant cane, 500 shekels of cassia—all according to the sanctuary shekel—and a hin of olive oil. Prepare from these a holy anointing oil, a fragrant blend, the work of a perfumer; it will be a sacred anointing oil."

This passage highlights the meticulous nature of the apothecary's work, emphasizing the importance of precision and skill in crafting substances that were not only pleasing to the senses but also consecrated for divine purposes. The anointing oil was used to consecrate the Tabernacle, its furnishings, and the priests, signifying their sanctification and dedication to God.

Similarly, the preparation of incense was a task reserved for the skilled perfumer. Exodus 30:34-35 states: "Then the LORD said to Moses, 'Take fragrant spices—gum resin, onycha, galbanum, and pure frankincense, in equal measures—and make a fragrant blend of incense, the work of a perfumer, seasoned with salt, pure and holy.'" This incense was to be burned on the altar of incense, symbolizing the prayers of the people ascending to God.

Cultural and Spiritual Significance

The art of the apothecary was not merely a technical skill but carried deep spiritual significance. The use of aromatic substances in worship underscored the beauty and holiness of the divine presence. The sweet-smelling aroma of the anointing oil and incense served as a sensory reminder of God's covenant and the sanctity of the worship space.

Moreover, the apothecary's craft extended beyond the religious sphere into daily life, where perfumes and ointments were used for personal grooming and medicinal purposes. Proverbs 27:9 reflects this broader application: "Oil and incense bring joy to the heart, and the sweetness of a friend is counsel to the soul." This verse illustrates the cultural appreciation for fragrances and their association with joy and friendship.

Symbolism and Prophetic Imagery

In the prophetic literature, the imagery of perfumes and anointing oils often symbolizes divine favor and blessing. For instance, in Psalm 133:2, the unity of believers is likened to "the precious oil on the head, running down on the beard, running down on Aaron’s beard, over the collar of his robes." This imagery conveys the abundance and richness of God's blessing upon His people.

The Song of Solomon also employs the language of perfumes to express love and desire, as seen in Song of Solomon 1:3: "The fragrance of your perfume is pleasing; your name is like perfume poured out. No wonder the maidens adore you." Here, the beloved's name and presence are as delightful and captivating as the finest fragrances.

Conclusion

The art of the apothecary or perfumer in the Bible is a testament to the intricate relationship between the material and spiritual realms. Through the skilled preparation of oils and incense, the apothecary contributed to the worship and daily life of the Israelites, enhancing their experience of the divine and the communal bonds among them.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Exodus 30:25,35
And you shall make it an oil of holy ointment, an ointment compound after the are of the apothecary: it shall be an holy anointing oil.
Torrey's Topical Textbook