Topical Bible: Nethinim: Probably Originated in the Appointment of the Gibeonites

◄ Nethinim: Probably Originated in the Appointment of the Gibeonites ►

Topical Encyclopedia

The Nethinim, a group mentioned in the Old Testament, are believed to have originated from the Gibeonites, who were appointed to serve the Levites in the temple. The term "Nethinim" itself means "given ones" or "dedicated ones," indicating their role as temple servants. Their origin and duties are rooted in the historical narrative of Israel's conquest of Canaan and the subsequent establishment of religious practices.

Origin and Historical Background

The origin of the Nethinim is closely tied to the account of the Gibeonites in the book of Joshua. The Gibeonites, through a cunning ruse, secured a treaty with Joshua and the Israelites, as described in Joshua 9. When their deception was discovered, they were condemned to perpetual servitude. Joshua 9:27 states, "On that day he made them woodcutters and water carriers for the congregation and for the altar of the LORD at the place He would choose. And they remain to this day."

This servitude laid the foundation for the role of the Nethinim. Over time, the Gibeonites and possibly other groups were incorporated into the temple service, assisting the Levites in various menial tasks necessary for the maintenance of the temple and its rituals.

Role and Function

The Nethinim were responsible for performing the more labor-intensive and less prestigious duties associated with temple worship. These tasks included carrying water, cutting wood, and other forms of manual labor essential for the daily operations of the temple. Their service allowed the Levites to focus on their primary responsibilities of teaching, performing sacrifices, and leading worship.

The Nethinim are mentioned in several post-exilic books of the Bible, indicating their continued presence and function after the Babylonian exile. In the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, the Nethinim are listed among those who returned to Jerusalem to help rebuild the temple and restore worship practices. Ezra 2:58 records, "The temple servants and the descendants of the servants of Solomon numbered 392."

Significance in Post-Exilic Period

The return of the Nethinim to Jerusalem highlights their importance in the reestablishment of temple worship. Their inclusion in the lists of returnees underscores their recognized role within the religious community. Nehemiah 10:28-29 further illustrates their integration into the covenant community: "The rest of the people—the priests, Levites, gatekeepers, singers, and temple servants, along with all those who had separated themselves from the peoples of the land to adhere to the Law of God—together with their wives and all their sons and daughters who are able to understand, hereby join with their noble brothers and commit themselves with a sworn oath to follow the Law of God given through Moses the servant of God and to carefully obey all the commandments, ordinances, and statutes of the LORD our Lord."

Legacy and Theological Implications

The Nethinim serve as a testament to God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His purposes, even through unexpected means. Their origin as Gibeonites, who initially deceived Israel, and their subsequent role in temple service, reflect the redemptive themes present throughout Scripture. The Nethinim's dedication to serving in the temple, despite their humble beginnings, exemplifies the biblical principle that God can use all people for His glory and the advancement of His kingdom.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Joshua 9:27
And Joshua made them that day hewers of wood and drawers of water for the congregation, and for the altar of the LORD, even to this day, in the place which he should choose.
Torrey's Topical Textbook