In the biblical context, pools and ponds often served as essential water sources for ancient cities, including Samaria, the capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. These water bodies were crucial for sustaining life, agriculture, and sometimes even for religious or ceremonial purposes.

Historical and Geographical Context

Samaria, established by King Omri in the 9th century BC, was strategically located on a hill, making water access a critical concern. The city was known for its impressive architecture and fortifications, which included sophisticated water systems to ensure a reliable supply. Pools and ponds in and around Samaria would have been vital for the city's survival, especially during sieges or droughts.

Biblical References

While the Bible does not explicitly mention specific pools or ponds in Samaria, the city's need for water is implicit in its historical and geographical context. The prophets often spoke against Samaria for its idolatry and social injustices, yet the city's infrastructure, including its water systems, was a testament to its former glory and the ingenuity of its builders.

In 1 Kings 16:24, we learn about the establishment of Samaria: "He bought the hill of Samaria from Shemer for two talents of silver and built a city on the hill, naming it Samaria after Shemer, the owner of the hill." Although this verse does not mention water sources, the construction of a city on a hill would necessitate the creation of pools or cisterns to collect and store rainwater.

Symbolic and Theological Significance

In the Bible, water often symbolizes life, purification, and blessing. Pools and ponds, therefore, can be seen as symbols of God's provision and sustenance. However, in the case of Samaria, the city's reliance on its own strength and resources, including its water systems, often led to spiritual complacency and idolatry. The prophets, such as Amos and Hosea, warned Samaria of impending judgment due to its unfaithfulness to God.

Amos 4:1-2 highlights the moral decay in Samaria: "Hear this word, you cows of Bashan on Mount Samaria, you women who oppress the poor and crush the needy, who say to their husbands, 'Bring us more to drink.' The Lord GOD has sworn by His holiness: 'Indeed, the days are coming when you will be taken away with hooks, and your posterity with fishhooks.'"

Archaeological Insights

Archaeological excavations in the region of ancient Samaria have uncovered evidence of sophisticated water systems, including cisterns and aqueducts. These findings corroborate the biblical narrative of a well-fortified and resourceful city. The presence of such water systems would have included pools and ponds, essential for the city's daily functioning and resilience against external threats.

Conclusion

While the Bible does not provide detailed descriptions of pools and ponds in Samaria, their existence is inferred through the city's historical and geographical context. These water sources were vital for the city's survival and serve as a reminder of the balance between human ingenuity and reliance on divine provision.1 Kings 22:38
And one washed the chariot in the pool of Samaria; and the dogs licked up his blood; and they washed his armor; according to the word of the LORD which he spoke.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

The Water of Life;
... but the Spirit of grace that this poor harlot, the woman of Samaria, wanted, although ...
It is not so with ponds, pools, and cisterns; they will be foul and stink ...
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