Topical Bible: Widows: Intermarrying With, of Kings Considered Treason

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Topical Encyclopedia

In the biblical context, the status and treatment of widows hold significant importance, reflecting broader themes of justice, mercy, and social order. The intermarriage with widows, particularly those connected to royal lines, is a subject that intertwines with issues of loyalty, power, and covenant fidelity.

Intermarriage with Widows:

The Old Testament provides various laws and narratives concerning widows, emphasizing their protection and care within the community. However, the intermarriage with widows, especially those of royal descent, carries additional implications. In ancient Israel, marriage was not merely a personal union but a covenantal act with social and political ramifications. Marrying a widow of a king could be perceived as an attempt to claim or legitimize a right to the throne, thereby challenging the established order.

Biblical Example:

A notable example is found in the narrative of Adonijah, the son of King David. After David's death, Adonijah sought to marry Abishag the Shunammite, a young woman who had served David in his old age. Although Abishag was not technically a widow, her close association with the deceased king placed her in a similar category. Solomon, David's successor, interpreted Adonijah's request as a political maneuver to strengthen his claim to the throne. In 1 Kings 2:22 , Solomon responds, "Why do you request Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? You might as well request the kingdom for him—after all, he is my older brother—yes, for him and for Abiathar the priest and Joab son of Zeruiah!"

Solomon's reaction underscores the perception that marrying a woman associated with the former king could be tantamount to treason, as it might imply a challenge to the current king's authority. This incident illustrates the potential threat such marriages posed to the stability of the monarchy and the continuity of the Davidic line.

Cultural and Theological Implications:

From a cultural perspective, the intermarriage with royal widows was fraught with political tension. It was not merely a personal decision but one that could alter the balance of power. Theologically, the issue reflects the broader biblical concern for maintaining the divinely ordained order and the sanctity of God's covenant with David. The monarchy in Israel was not just a political institution but a theological one, with the king serving as God's anointed representative.

The biblical narrative consistently emphasizes the need for loyalty to God's chosen leaders and the dangers of actions that could undermine this divine order. Marrying a widow of a king, therefore, was not just a personal or familial matter but one with profound implications for the nation's covenant relationship with God.

In summary, the intermarriage with widows, particularly those connected to the royal family, was a complex issue in ancient Israel, laden with political and theological significance. It was considered an act that could potentially disrupt the divinely established order, and as such, was often viewed as treasonous.