The Ziphim were inhabitants of the ancient city of Ziph, located in the hill country of Judah. The city of Ziph is mentioned several times in the Old Testament, primarily in the context of the life of David. Ziph was situated southeast of Hebron and is identified with the modern site of Tell Zif.

Biblical References:

1. 1 Samuel 23:19-24 · The Ziphites are first mentioned in the context of their betrayal of David to King Saul. While David was hiding from Saul in the wilderness of Ziph, the Ziphites went to Saul at Gibeah and informed him of David's location. They said, "Is not David hiding among us in the strongholds at Horesh, on the hill of Hachilah, south of Jeshimon?" (1 Samuel 23:19). This act of treachery forced David to move to the wilderness of Maon.

2. 1 Samuel 26:1-3 · The Ziphites again betrayed David to Saul. They went to Saul at Gibeah and said, "Is not David hiding on the hill of Hachilah, opposite Jeshimon?" (1 Samuel 26:1). Saul then pursued David into the wilderness of Ziph, where David spared Saul's life for the second time.

Historical and Geographical Context:

Ziph was one of the cities in the territory allotted to the tribe of Judah (Joshua 15:55). The region was characterized by its rugged terrain and numerous caves, which provided refuge for David and his men. The wilderness of Ziph was a desolate area, making it a suitable hiding place for fugitives.

Theological Significance:

The actions of the Ziphites highlight themes of loyalty and betrayal in the biblical narrative. Their willingness to betray David, the anointed future king of Israel, to Saul underscores the political tensions and personal rivalries of the time. Despite their betrayal, David's faith in God's protection and his refusal to harm Saul demonstrate his integrity and reliance on divine providence.

Related Psalms:

David's experiences in the wilderness of Ziph are believed to have inspired several psalms. Psalm 54, in particular, is traditionally associated with the Ziphites' betrayal. The psalm begins with a plea for God's deliverance: "Save me, O God, by Your name, and vindicate me by Your might" (Psalm 54:1). This psalm reflects David's trust in God amidst adversity and his confidence in divine justice.

Archaeological Insights:

Modern archaeological efforts have identified Tell Zif as the likely site of ancient Ziph. Excavations have revealed remains from various periods, including the Iron Age, which corresponds to the time of David. These findings provide valuable insights into the historical and cultural context of the biblical narrative.

In summary, the Ziphim and their city play a significant role in the account of David's flight from Saul, illustrating the challenges and moral dilemmas faced by David as he awaited God's timing for his ascent to the throne.2130. Ziphi -- inhab. of Ziph
... of Ziph NASB Word Usage Ziphites (2). Ziphim, Ziphite. Patrial from Ziyph; a Ziphite
or inhabitant of Ziph -- Ziphim, Ziphite. see HEBREW Ziyph. 2129, 2130. ...
/hebrew/2130.htm - 6kZiphim (1 Occurrence)
... Multi-Version Concordance Ziphim (1 Occurrence). Psalms 54:1 To the chief
Musician on Neginoth, Maschil, A Psalm of David, when the ...
/z/ziphim.htm - 6k

Ziphims (1 Occurrence)

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Ziphah (1 Occurrence)

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Overseer (84 Occurrences)
... (YLT). Psalms 54:1 To the Overseer with stringed instruments. -- An instruction,
by David, in the coming in of the Ziphim, and they say to Saul, 'Is not David ...
/o/overseer.htm - 32k

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